Updates on CRISPR-based gene editing in HIV-1/AIDS therapy
February 2022
Although tremendous efforts have been made to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS remains a major threat to global human health. The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), although able...
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Reverse genetics systems for SARS-CoV-2: Development and applications
December 2023
The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused serious harm to human health and struck a blow to global economic development. Research on SARS-CoV-2 has...
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Monkeypox virus: a re-emergent threat to humans
August 2022
Human monkeypox (MPX) is a rare zoonotic infection characterized by smallpox-like signs and symptoms. It is caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus....
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Regulation of antiviral immune response by African swine fever virus (ASFV)
April 2022
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality approaching 100% in domestic pigs. ASF is an endemic in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Now,...
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SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses wane profoundly in convalescent individuals 10 months after primary infection
August 2023
A key question in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the duration of specific T cell responses against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) post primary...
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A novel bat coronavirus with a polybasic furin-like cleavage site
June 2023
The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), threatens human health around the world. Of particular concern is that bats...
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Single-cell RNA sequencing to understand host-virus interactions
February 2024
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has allowed for the profiling of host and virus transcripts and host-virus interactions at single-cell resolution. This review summarizes the existing scRNA-seq...
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PRRSV degrades MDA5 via dual autophagy receptors P62 and CCT2 to evade antiviral innate immunity
April 2024
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major economically devastating pathogen that has evolved various strategies to evade innate immunity. Downregulation of antiviral interferon...
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Transmission restriction and genomic evolution co-shape the genetic diversity patterns of influenza A virus
Available online 27 February 2024
Influenza A virus (IAV) shows an extensive host range and rapid genomic variations, leading to continuous emergence of novel viruses with significant antigenic variations and the potential for cross-species...
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Revisiting influenza A virus life cycle from a perspective of genome balance
February 2023
Influenza A virus (IAV) genome comprises eight negative-sense RNA segments, of which the replication is well orchestrated and the delicate balance of multiple segments are dynamically regulated throughout...
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Viromes of Haemaphysalis longicornis reveal different viral abundance and diversity in free and engorged ticks
April 2024
Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, commonly found in East Asia, can transmit various pathogenic viruses, including the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) that has caused febrile...
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Nano-bubble hydrogen water: An effective therapeutic agent against inflammation related disease caused by viral infection in zebrafish model
April 2022
Since the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen has been widely known, it was supposed that hydrogen could suppress tissue damage by inhibiting virus-related inflammatory reactions. However, hydrogen...
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Cross-species transmission and host range genes in poxviruses
April 2024
The persistent epidemic of human mpox, caused by mpox virus (MPXV), raises concerns about the future spread of MPXV and other poxviruses. MPXV is a typical zoonotic virus which can infect human and...
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The evolution, pathogenicity and transmissibility of quadruple reassortant H1N2 swine influenza virus in China: A potential threat to public health
April 2024
Swine are regarded as “intermediate hosts” or “mixing vessels” of influenza viruses, capable of generating strains with pandemic potential. From 2020 to 2021, we conducted surveillance on swine H1N2...
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A multiple-target mRNA-LNP vaccine induces protective immunity against experimental multi-serotype DENV in mice
October 2022
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus with a rapid spread to humans, causing mild to potentially fatal illness in hundreds of millions of people each year. Due to the large number of serotypes...
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Mast cell degranulation-triggered by SARS-CoV-2 induces tracheal-bronchial epithelial inflammation and injury
April 2024
SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation is a key pathogenic factor of COVID-19. Our research, along with others', has demonstrated that mast cells (MCs) play a vital role in the initiation of...
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The diversity and evolution of retroviruses: Perspectives from viral “fossils”
February 2022
Retroviruses exclusively infect vertebrates, causing a variety of diseases. The replication of retroviruses requires reverse transcription and integration into host genomes. When infecting germline...
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Quantitative and qualitative subgenomic RNA profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples: A comparison between Omicron BA.2 and non-VOC-D614G
April 2024
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants are notorious for their transmissibility, but little is known about their subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) expression. This study applied RNA-seq to delineate the quantitative...
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Integration of HiBiT into enteroviruses: A universal tool for advancing enterovirus virology research
Available online 16 March 2024
The utilization of enteroviruses engineered with reporter genes serves as a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of enterovirus biology and its applications, enabling the development of effective...
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Recent advances in understanding T cell activation and exhaustion during HBV infection
December 2023
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health concern globally, and T cell responses are widely believed to play a pivotal role in mediating HBV clearance. Accordingly, research...
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Interconnection of cellular autophagy and endosomal vesicle trafficking and its role in hepatitis B virus replication and release
February 2024
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) produces and releases various particle types, including complete virions, subviral particles with envelope proteins, and naked capsids. Recent studies demonstrate that HBV exploits...
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Precore mutation enhances viral replication to facilitate persistent infection especially in HBeAg-negative patients
April 2024
Naturally occurred precore (PC, G1896A) and/or basal core promoter (BCP, A1762T/G1764A) mutations are prevalent in chronic HBV-infected patients, especially those under HBeAg-negative status. However,...
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LncRNA NKILA inhibits HBV replication by repressing NF-κB signalling activation
February 2024
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway plays a role in HBV replication. However, whether NF-κB-interacting...
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Rapid identification of full-length genome and tracing variations of monkeypox virus in clinical specimens based on mNGS and amplicon sequencing
February 2024
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has triggered a current outbreak globally. Genome sequencing of MPXV and rapid tracing of genetic variants will benefit disease diagnosis and control. It is a significant...
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Coxsackievirus B3 HFMD animal models in Syrian hamster and rhesus monkey
April 2024
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which manifests across a spectrum of clinical severity from mild to severe. However, CVB3-infected mouse models...
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