#AI reads Urine# Distinct Urinary Microbiome Signatures Are Associated with Urinary Tract Infection Risk in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Published 16 September, 2025
The urinary microbiome differs between patients with liver cirrhosis who develop urinary tract infections in the future and those who do not; the genera Prevotella and Corynebacterium are more abundant in patients who remain free of urinary tract infections; the genus Streptococcus is more prevalent in patients who develop urinary tract infections; the beta diversity of the urinary microbiome is associated with the future occurrence of urinary tract infections; and the findings support that specific urinary microbiota may play a protective role in patients with liver cirrhosis.
The study focused on domestic cats aged 9 years and older, dividing them into three groups: the normotensive group (NT), the untreated hypertensive group (HTpre), and the hypertensive group treated with amlodipine (HTtx). Using untargeted metabolomics (flow infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with statistical analysis), it investigated metabolic differences in plasma and urine among the three groups of cats. The aim was to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis of feline hypertension, clarify its pathogenesis, and understand the impact of amlodipine on metabolism. The results revealed significant biochemical differences among the three groups, with these differences primarily concentrated in urine: there were 498 metabolites with significant differences in urine between the HTpre and NT groups, involving multiple pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, uremic toxins, phospholipids, and steroid hormones, and specific differential metabolites were also found in urine between the HTpre and HTtx groups. In contrast, differences in plasma were minimal—only one unidentified metabolite showed a difference between the HTpre and HTtx groups, and no significant differential metabolites were observed in plasma between the HTpre and NT groups. Additionally, although amlodipine could lower blood pressure, it had little overall impact on the metabolism of cats; metabolic differences between the HTtx and HTpre groups were slight, and the HTtx group still exhibited significant metabolic differences from the NT group. These findings indicate that urine is more suitable as a sample for metabolomic research related to feline hypertension.
Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Aug 29:108031. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108031. Youhe Gao
Youhe Gao
Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used Doubao / AI reading for summarizing the content. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.
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