#AI reads Urine# Urine cf-nucleosomes: A non-invasive window into human physiology and disease

This study explores the presence and characteristics of cell-free nucleosomes (cf-nucleosomes) in urine. Using cell-free chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (cfChIP-seq), it was found that urine contains intact nucleosomes carrying various histone modifications (such as H3K4me1/2/3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3), and these modifications retain the characteristics of their source cells. Urine cf-nucleosomes in healthy individuals mainly originate from bladder, kidney, and immune cells, and cf-nucleosomes in plasma hardly enter urine🔶. In bladder cancer patients, urine cf-nucleosomes can reflect tumor-associated transcriptional programs and immune responses, and the constructed cancer signature can effectively identify non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), indicating that urine cf-nucleosomes can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for studying renal physiology and monitoring urinary system diseases🔶. However, the study has limitations such as strict sample storage conditions, preliminary analysis of NMIBC patient samples, and age mismatch between the healthy population and patients.

Cell Genomics 5, 100974 doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2025.100974

Youhe Gao

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used Doubao / AI reading for summarizing the content. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.

For earlier AI Reads Urine articles：

https://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/advances-in-biomarker-sciences-and-technology/ai-reads-urine/