Wrinkled carbon spheres unlock efficient and green hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis

In the production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a highly effective and environmentally benign oxidizing agent, the industry currently relies heavily on the conventional anthraquinone route, which requires expensive palladium-based catalysts and complex large-scale facilities. Electrocatalytic two-electron oxygen reduction offers a promising, cost-effective, and greener alternative. However, carbon-based catalysts often face the dual challenges of low intrinsic activity and insufficient utilization of active sites.

To that end, Professor Guang-Ping Hao from the Dalian University of Technology developed a series of carbonyl-rich carbon sphere catalysts featuring a unique wrinkled surface architecture. Published in the journal Green Chemical Engineering, the study demonstrates how these surface wrinkles significantly enhance the catalyst's performance in H₂O₂ electrosynthesis.

"Inspired by the sulcus gyrus formation mechanism in the brain, we synthesized heterogeneous hard-shell/soft-core polymer spheres via one-step solution chemistry," shares Hao. "During high-temperature pyrolysis, differential core-shell composition induced asynchronous contraction, resulting in carbon nanospheres with a distinct wrinkled surface topography."

By adjusting the polymerization duration, the team effectively controlled the depth and abundance of these surface wrinkles. "The wrinkled architecture increases the electrochemical active surface area by more than 10-fold compared to common oxygen-doped carbon spheres, significantly boosting the accessibility of active sites," explains Hao. "Our optimized catalyst, WCS-72, delivered an extraordinary H₂O₂ selectivity exceeding 97.5% over a wide potential range from 0 to 0.67 V vs. RHE in alkaline electrolytes."

The researchers stated that this study provides new design insights for fine-tuning the accessibility of catalytic active sites through surface morphology engineering.

Contact author: 

Guang-Ping Hao, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, guangpinghao@dlut.edu.cn

Funder:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China (No. 22275027) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. DUT22LAB607).

Conflict of interest: 

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

See the article:

C.-B. Li, L.-Y. Dong, Y.-F. Wang, G.-P. Hao, Effective H2O2 Electrosynthesis Enabled by Carbonyl Sites on Wrinkled Carbon Surface, Green Chem. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gce.2026.02.002 (2026)