Mechanical properties of HTPB propellants: Recent advances and underlying mechanisms
December 2025
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based composite solid propellants (CSPs) are widely used in solid rocket motors due to their excellent mechanical properties and low cost. This review synthesizes...
Ageing studies on AP/HTPB based composites solid propellants
June 2021
Components of solid rocket motor that are susceptible to ageing are propellant, insulator, inhibitor, interfaces, igniter system, and seals. Seals, insulator, ignition systems are replaceable but the...
Progress on additive manufacturing technology of solid propellants
June 2025
The application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in the production of solid propellants presents new opportunities to enhance the propulsion performance of rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles....
Stabilizer selection and formulation strategies for enhanced stability of single base nitrocellulose propellants: A review
March 2024
Stabilizers play a crucial role in preventing undesirable decomposition and degradation reactions of propellants, thus ensuring their long-term performance and safe storage. This review highlights recent...
UV-curing 3D printing of composite energetic materials and its challenges
March 2026
While 3D printing technologies based on various curing methods like thermal curing, photopolymerization, solvent evaporation molding, and melt cooling have been extensively studied in the field of composite...
Chemical reaction mechanisms and models of energetic materials: A perspective
March 2025
Energetic materials (EMs) are a kind of metastable functional materials with certain potential barriers, overcoming which can quickly release the energy stored in EMs. A thorough understanding of reaction...
Advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials: A review
June 2024
Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials, which are expected to shape future manufacturing and applications. Techniques...
Constructing advanced pyrazole-based energetic materials via direct hydrazine substitution of a heterocyclic C–NH2 bond
Available online 16 April 2026
Overcoming the inertness of the C-NH2 bond in heterocyclic amines remains a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report the first direct hydrazine substitution of a heterocyclic amine,...
A state-of-the-art review of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants
Available online 5 January 2026
This paper presents a systematic review of recent advancements in hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants, analyzing their advantages and challenges as next-generation green and high-energy...
Synthetic chemistry of energetic materials: Evolution, current trends, and AI-driven future
September 2025
Energetic materials are capable of storing vast amounts of chemical energy and releasing it over a very short period of time, leading to an irreplaceable usage in both military and civilian applications....
Three-dimensional printing of energetic materials: A review
June 2022
Additive manufacturing technology or three-dimensional (3D) printing has been applied in many manufacture fields. The combination of 3D printing and conventional energetic material fields can create...
Comprehensive kinetic study and shelf-life prediction of melt-cast insensitive explosive composition
Available online 6 February 2026
In recent years, insensitive explosives have gained extensive attention for their unique ability to combine high operational performance with superior safety properties. This work sheds light on DNAN-based...
Nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials
June 2023
This review provides numerous studies on nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials including oxadiazole, tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole and tetrazine. The article mainly...
Towards programming by assembly: A review of structural expandability and functional tunability in perovskite energetic materials
Available online 13 March 2026
The design of energetic materials has entered the era of multi-ion integration, with perovskite energetic materials (PEMs) emerging as a representative category. This review covers PEM developments...
Robustly interpretable melting-point prediction for structurally diverse nitro-containing compounds
June 2026
Accurate melting point prediction for nitro-containing flexible organic molecules is critical for optimizing their performance in pharmaceuticals, energetic materials, and chemical processing. Using...
Machine learning-guided property prediction of energetic materials: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives
September 2022
Predicting chemical properties is one of the most important applications of machine learning. In recent years, the prediction of the properties of energetic materials using machine learning has been...
Sustainable electrosynthesis of energetic materials: Molecular precision to industrial adaptation - progress and limitations
Available online 14 January 2026
Conventional synthesis methods, relying on strong acids and high-temperature conditions, suffer from issues such as high pollution, energy consumption, and safety hazards. However, electrochemical synthesis...
Recent advances on the crystallization engineering of energetic materials
December 2020
The safety properties and desirable detonation performance of energetic materials (EMs) are mutually exclusive, therefore, various strategies including the coating, doping, crystallization, and co-crystallization,...
Successful development of HAN based green propellant
September 2021
Research and development of Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate based liquid propellant; SHP-163 is reviewed. Starting from the composition selection of the propellant to the development of 1 N thruster of Green...
Machine learning-assisted quantitative prediction of thermal decomposition temperatures of energetic materials and their thermal stability analysis
December 2024
In this study, machine learning (ML)-assisted regression modeling was conducted to predict the thermal decomposition temperatures and explore the factors that correlate with the thermal stability of...
Rapid ranking of thermal safety realized by accelerating rate calorimetry correlating with small-scale slow cook-off: A case study of four melt-castable explosives
June 2026
The lack of effective diagnostic tools for thermal safety at the early stage hinders the design of efficient explosives to meet the application demands encountering high-temperature cook-off environments....
A facile one-step aqueous synthetic strategy for fused azole–pyrimidine heat-resistant energetic materials
Available online 12 May 2026
Constructing heat-resistant fused heterocyclic compounds is increasingly fascinating in the field of energetic materials due to their excellent energy, high thermal stability, and low sensitivity, as...
Multispectral aerosol obscurants: A review
Available online 3 June 2026
Aerosol obscurants are promising materials for multispectral countermeasures due to their efficacy as smoke-producing agents in pyrotechnic compositions for defence applications, particularly in attenuating...
Effects of Al powder on the reaction process and reactivity of B/KNO3 energetic sticks
December 2023
Boron/potassium nitrate (B/KNO3) is a type of critical energetic composite material (ECM). However, the inert oxide layer on the B surface of B/KNO3 hinders the contact between pure fuel and oxidant,...
Revealing reaction kinetics in ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion using an EM-HyChem approach
March 2026
The combustion kinetics of ammonium perchlorate (AP), a key oxidizer in solid propellants, remain debated due to the complexity of its solid-phase decomposition. In this study, the reaction kinetics...