Mechanical properties of HTPB propellants: Recent advances and underlying mechanisms
December 2025
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based composite solid propellants (CSPs) are widely used in solid rocket motors due to their excellent mechanical properties and low cost. This review synthesizes...
UV-curing 3D printing of composite energetic materials and its challenges
March 2026
While 3D printing technologies based on various curing methods like thermal curing, photopolymerization, solvent evaporation molding, and melt cooling have been extensively studied in the field of composite...
Progress on additive manufacturing technology of solid propellants
June 2025
The application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in the production of solid propellants presents new opportunities to enhance the propulsion performance of rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles....
Chemical reaction mechanisms and models of energetic materials: A perspective
March 2025
Energetic materials (EMs) are a kind of metastable functional materials with certain potential barriers, overcoming which can quickly release the energy stored in EMs. A thorough understanding of reaction...
Ageing studies on AP/HTPB based composites solid propellants
June 2021
Components of solid rocket motor that are susceptible to ageing are propellant, insulator, inhibitor, interfaces, igniter system, and seals. Seals, insulator, ignition systems are replaceable but the...
Stabilizer selection and formulation strategies for enhanced stability of single base nitrocellulose propellants: A review
March 2024
Stabilizers play a crucial role in preventing undesirable decomposition and degradation reactions of propellants, thus ensuring their long-term performance and safe storage. This review highlights recent...
Advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials: A review
June 2024
Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials, which are expected to shape future manufacturing and applications. Techniques...
A state-of-the-art review of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants
Available online 5 January 2026
This paper presents a systematic review of recent advancements in hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants, analyzing their advantages and challenges as next-generation green and high-energy...
Synthetic chemistry of energetic materials: Evolution, current trends, and AI-driven future
September 2025
Energetic materials are capable of storing vast amounts of chemical energy and releasing it over a very short period of time, leading to an irreplaceable usage in both military and civilian applications....
Machine learning-guided property prediction of energetic materials: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives
September 2022
Predicting chemical properties is one of the most important applications of machine learning. In recent years, the prediction of the properties of energetic materials using machine learning has been...
Nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials
June 2023
This review provides numerous studies on nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials including oxadiazole, tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole and tetrazine. The article mainly...
Three-dimensional printing of energetic materials: A review
June 2022
Additive manufacturing technology or three-dimensional (3D) printing has been applied in many manufacture fields. The combination of 3D printing and conventional energetic material fields can create...
Comprehensive kinetic study and shelf-life prediction of melt-cast insensitive explosive composition
Available online 6 February 2026
In recent years, insensitive explosives have gained extensive attention for their unique ability to combine high operational performance with superior safety properties. This work sheds light on DNAN-based...
Sustainable electrosynthesis of energetic materials: Molecular precision to industrial adaptation - progress and limitations
Available online 14 January 2026
Conventional synthesis methods, relying on strong acids and high-temperature conditions, suffer from issues such as high pollution, energy consumption, and safety hazards. However, electrochemical synthesis...
On-site trace detection of explosives: From ultra-sensitive SERS to integrated detection technology
March 2025
In light of escalating global tensions and the persistent frequency of terrorist incidents, explosives have caused unpredictable serious environmental problems in the worldwide. The imperative for rapid,...
Successful development of HAN based green propellant
September 2021
Research and development of Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate based liquid propellant; SHP-163 is reviewed. Starting from the composition selection of the propellant to the development of 1 N thruster of Green...
Machine learning-assisted quantitative prediction of thermal decomposition temperatures of energetic materials and their thermal stability analysis
December 2024
In this study, machine learning (ML)-assisted regression modeling was conducted to predict the thermal decomposition temperatures and explore the factors that correlate with the thermal stability of...
A bi-alkyl-bridge strategy for highly thermally stable tetrazoles via enhanced conjugation
March 2026
In this study, we introduced the “bi-alkyl-bridge” strategy to synthesize a bi-alkyl-bridged cyclotetrazole energetic material. This method improves the stability by introducing an alkyl bridge at the...
A high density and low sensitivity carrier explosive promising to replace TNT: 3-Bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole
June 2024
To address the issues of high saturated vapor pressure, high toxicity, and high viscosity of TNT, this article used a chemical method to synthesize a new carrier explosive BFTNAN. The prepared samples...
Atomic force microscopy in energetic materials research: A review
December 2022
Modern trends in the development of energetic materials include the various methods of particle surface modification and the widespread use of nanosized powders. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a useful,...
Electrochemically driving C-C coupling of the pyrimidine ring via C-H activation for constructing the energetic skeleton
Available online 16 January 2026
In recent years, due to the advantages of green and safe electrochemical synthesis, researchers have gradually introduced it into the field of energetic material. However, electrochemistry is mainly...
Polymeric nitrogen: A review of experimental synthesis method, structure properties and lattice dynamic characterization from large scientific facilities and extreme spectroscopy perspectives
September 2023
Single-bonded polymeric nitrogen (PN) synthesized under high pressure was highly delivered for its valuable application prospects on high-energy-density materials (HEDM) and profound effects for understanding...
Thermal behavior of nitro-, amino-, and azo-phenylfuroxans
Available online 14 February 2026
4-Nitro-3-phenylfuroxan (1), 4-amino-3-phenylfuroxan (2), and 4,4’-azo-3,3’-diphenylfuroxan (3) were synthesized using previously described methods and their thermochemical characteristics were experimentally...
Recent advances on the crystallization engineering of energetic materials
December 2020
The safety properties and desirable detonation performance of energetic materials (EMs) are mutually exclusive, therefore, various strategies including the coating, doping, crystallization, and co-crystallization,...
Technologies for room-temperature self-healing polymer materials and their applications in energetic materials
June 2024
Energetic materials are the energy materials used by weaponry to accomplish launch, propulsion, and destruction. However, during manufacture, storage and use, they may be damaged and form microcracks...