Mechanical properties of HTPB propellants: Recent advances and underlying mechanisms
December 2025
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based composite solid propellants (CSPs) are widely used in solid rocket motors due to their excellent mechanical properties and low cost. This review synthesizes...
Progress on additive manufacturing technology of solid propellants
June 2025
The application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in the production of solid propellants presents new opportunities to enhance the propulsion performance of rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles....
Ageing studies on AP/HTPB based composites solid propellants
June 2021
Components of solid rocket motor that are susceptible to ageing are propellant, insulator, inhibitor, interfaces, igniter system, and seals. Seals, insulator, ignition systems are replaceable but the...
UV-curing 3D printing of composite energetic materials and its challenges
March 2026
While 3D printing technologies based on various curing methods like thermal curing, photopolymerization, solvent evaporation molding, and melt cooling have been extensively studied in the field of composite...
Stabilizer selection and formulation strategies for enhanced stability of single base nitrocellulose propellants: A review
March 2024
Stabilizers play a crucial role in preventing undesirable decomposition and degradation reactions of propellants, thus ensuring their long-term performance and safe storage. This review highlights recent...
Chemical reaction mechanisms and models of energetic materials: A perspective
March 2025
Energetic materials (EMs) are a kind of metastable functional materials with certain potential barriers, overcoming which can quickly release the energy stored in EMs. A thorough understanding of reaction...
Advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials: A review
June 2024
Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials, which are expected to shape future manufacturing and applications. Techniques...
A state-of-the-art review of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants
Available online 5 January 2026
This paper presents a systematic review of recent advancements in hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants, analyzing their advantages and challenges as next-generation green and high-energy...
Synthetic chemistry of energetic materials: Evolution, current trends, and AI-driven future
September 2025
Energetic materials are capable of storing vast amounts of chemical energy and releasing it over a very short period of time, leading to an irreplaceable usage in both military and civilian applications....
Towards programming by assembly: A review of structural expandability and functional tunability in perovskite energetic materials
Available online 13 March 2026
The design of energetic materials has entered the era of multi-ion integration, with perovskite energetic materials (PEMs) emerging as a representative category. This review covers PEM developments...
Comprehensive kinetic study and shelf-life prediction of melt-cast insensitive explosive composition
Available online 6 February 2026
In recent years, insensitive explosives have gained extensive attention for their unique ability to combine high operational performance with superior safety properties. This work sheds light on DNAN-based...
Three-dimensional printing of energetic materials: A review
June 2022
Additive manufacturing technology or three-dimensional (3D) printing has been applied in many manufacture fields. The combination of 3D printing and conventional energetic material fields can create...
Sustainable electrosynthesis of energetic materials: Molecular precision to industrial adaptation - progress and limitations
Available online 14 January 2026
Conventional synthesis methods, relying on strong acids and high-temperature conditions, suffer from issues such as high pollution, energy consumption, and safety hazards. However, electrochemical synthesis...
Nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials
June 2023
This review provides numerous studies on nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials including oxadiazole, tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole and tetrazine. The article mainly...
Revealing reaction kinetics in ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion using an EM-HyChem approach
March 2026
The combustion kinetics of ammonium perchlorate (AP), a key oxidizer in solid propellants, remain debated due to the complexity of its solid-phase decomposition. In this study, the reaction kinetics...
Machine learning-assisted quantitative prediction of thermal decomposition temperatures of energetic materials and their thermal stability analysis
December 2024
In this study, machine learning (ML)-assisted regression modeling was conducted to predict the thermal decomposition temperatures and explore the factors that correlate with the thermal stability of...
Constructing advanced pyrazole-based energetic materials via direct hydrazine substitution of a heterocyclic C–NH2 bond
Available online 16 April 2026
Overcoming the inertness of the C-NH2 bond in heterocyclic amines remains a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report the first direct hydrazine substitution of a heterocyclic amine,...
Machine learning-guided property prediction of energetic materials: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives
September 2022
Predicting chemical properties is one of the most important applications of machine learning. In recent years, the prediction of the properties of energetic materials using machine learning has been...
Recent advances on the crystallization engineering of energetic materials
December 2020
The safety properties and desirable detonation performance of energetic materials (EMs) are mutually exclusive, therefore, various strategies including the coating, doping, crystallization, and co-crystallization,...
Successful development of HAN based green propellant
September 2021
Research and development of Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate based liquid propellant; SHP-163 is reviewed. Starting from the composition selection of the propellant to the development of 1 N thruster of Green...
Technologies for room-temperature self-healing polymer materials and their applications in energetic materials
June 2024
Energetic materials are the energy materials used by weaponry to accomplish launch, propulsion, and destruction. However, during manufacture, storage and use, they may be damaged and form microcracks...
Polymeric nitrogen: A review of experimental synthesis method, structure properties and lattice dynamic characterization from large scientific facilities and extreme spectroscopy perspectives
September 2023
Single-bonded polymeric nitrogen (PN) synthesized under high pressure was highly delivered for its valuable application prospects on high-energy-density materials (HEDM) and profound effects for understanding...
Atomic force microscopy in energetic materials research: A review
December 2022
Modern trends in the development of energetic materials include the various methods of particle surface modification and the widespread use of nanosized powders. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a useful,...
N-functionalization of 3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (ADNP): Incorporating nitromethyl and diazidomethyl into energetic pyrazole derivatives
March 2026
In the field of energetic materials, N-functionalization on pyrazoles faces challenges such as low nucleophilicity and harsh reaction conditions. In this study, the N-functionalization on 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole...
Dynamic mechanical analysis and molecular structure analysis of an energetic thermoplastic elastomer
March 2026
This study investigates the dynamic mechanical properties and molecular relaxation mechanisms of glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE) through dynamic mechanical...
