Optimizing Alzheimer's diagnosis and precision medicine: A narrative review unlocking the potential of multiomics markers
September 2025
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive and functional decline, with significant societal and economic consequences. Its differential...
Pathophysiology and markers of very early classic Guillain-Barré syndrome
September 2024
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the body's immune system mistakenly attacking the peripheral nerves. This condition often follows an infection and can lead to...
Early detection of autism with the help of biomarkers: A narrative review
September 2025
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms that vary significantly in individuals. The main manifestations include difficulties in social interactions, communication disorders,...
Blood biomarkers for clinical applications in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
June 2025
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that imposes a significant burden on both patients and society. Currently, the primary methods for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease include...
Biomarkers in autoimmune myasthenia gravis: A narrative review
September 2025
Myasthenia gravis is a heterogeneous, autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction, characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. Early diagnosis is critical to initiate immunotherapy for the disease,...
Role of the amygdala and possible biomarkers in psychiatric disorders
March 2025
In the early 1800s, the "cerebral amygdala" was described as an almond-shaped structure within the temporal lobe. A century later, the role of amygdala in modulating behavior became evident, specifically...
The role of machine learning in discovering biomarkers and predicting treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review
March 2025
Machine learning in the field of computational intelligence continues to increase significantly and shows potential in the identification, management, treatment, and monitoring of complex diseases,...
Role of gut-microbiome-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review of mechanisms, therapeutics, and emerging perspectives
September 2025
The gut–microbiota–brain axis represents a complex bidirectional communication system linking intestinal microbes and their metabolites with the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that...
Brain structural and functional alteration in movement disorders: A narrative review of markers and their dynamic changes
Available online 24 September 2025
Movement disorders can present a significant challenge to healthcare professionals due to their varied etiologies, complex symptomatology, and often debilitating consequences for patients by affecting...
Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and saliva measured with Lumipulse technology: a narrative review
March 2025
Glial fibrillary acidic protein is an intermediate filament protein released primarily by astrocytes in the central nervous system, providing structural and functional support to neurons. Glial fibrillary...
Apolipoprotein E genotype as a biomarker in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative review of the influence of genetic factors on molecular structure
September 2025
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. This review addresses the...
Misdiagnoses of psychiatric disorders and the utility of diagnostic microRNA biomarkers
September 2024
Due to overlapping symptoms and similarities with other illnesses, misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of psychiatric disorders frequently occur. Objective laboratory-based biomarkers that can...
Dark white matter is a subcortical MRI marker in seizures and systemic disorders: A narrative review
December 2025
Recognizing subcortical white matter hypointensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly in patients with seizures, has led to identifying a novel radiological phenomenon known as the...
The role of fusion proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
June 2025
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded amyloid-beta and tau proteins in the brain, which causes memory and cognitive functions...
Therapeutic applications and strategies of neurobiomarkers in neurological disorders: A narrative review
December 2025
Neurological disorders (e.g., glioma, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease) have long plagued clinicians due to their complex pathological mechanisms and therapeutic limitations. In recent years,...
Neurogenesis markers in brain aging and their serotonergic modulation by physical exercise: A narrative review
December 2025
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a continuous process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells, occurring in specific brain regions such as the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This process...
Imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of corticobasal ganglia syndrome: DaTSCAN and [18F]FDG PET
September 2025
Corticobasal syndrome is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with clinical features that overlap with other Parkinsonian syndromes, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Biomarkers are essential...
RNA high-throughput sequencing and clinical outcome validation indicate that long non-coding RNAs are biomarkers in the peripheral blood of patients with major depressive disorder
December 2025
Major depressive disorder currently lacks definitive biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This study aims to investigate the potential clinical value of long non-coding RNAs as...
Integrating multimodal biomarker strategies: A narrative review of molecular and characteristic imaging techniques for better monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases
Available online 6 November 2025
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, represent a diverse group of...
Artificial intelligence-driven radiological biomarkers: A narrative review of artificial intelligence in meningioma diagnosis
March 2025
Meningiomas, the most common primary intracranial tumors, present unique challenges in diagnosis and management due to their diverse behaviors and potential for recurrence. Recent advances in artificial...
Neurobiomarkers of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents and their significance for diagnosis and precision medicine: A narrative review
June 2025
The application of neurobiomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders has garnered significant attention. However, due to the genetic and biological complexity of psychiatric disorders,...
Values of epigenetic markers in Parkinson's disease as biomarkers and therapeutic targets: A narrative review
June 2025
Parkinson's disease is a major global nervous system disorder with few treatment options, primarily focused on symptom management. This review summarizes research on epigenetic therapy in Parkinson's...
Translational potential of RNA biomarkers in mental health: A narrative review
Available online 24 September 2025
Schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder lack established objective diagnostic methods. Non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are emerging as promising...
Understanding Vivaldi's cognitive and neurobiological effects through behavioral and neuroimaging biomarker lenses: A narrative review
Available online 5 November 2025
Research has demonstrated that Antonio Vivaldi's Four Seasons concertos boost attention and working memory in young and older populations. Neuroimaging biomarkers derived from electroencephalography,...
Identifying Alzheimer's disease-associated genes related to N6-methyladenosine modification as potential biomarkers through correlation analysis: A retrospective observational study
March 2025
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive deficits and abnormal neurological activity. Recent evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease...