Intra-tumor DKK1 and CALML5 heterogeneity as a novel biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
2025
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by substantial molecular heterogeneity, and current biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response, such as PD-L1 expression and tumor...
L-theanine inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin-p70S6K pathway-mediated neuroexcitation induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate
2025
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are important for cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Therefore, mTOR signaling...
The mechanisms and therapeutic applications of phenolic acids in vascular cognitive impairment: A comprehensive review
2025
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), the second most common form of cognitive dysfunction after Alzheimer's disease (AD), is characterized by a multifactorial pathogenesis involving cerebrovascular...
TCF/LEF-mediated transcriptional regulation in the canonical Wnt pathway
2025
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and stem cell maintenance. Central to this pathway, T-cell factor/lymphoid...