Guide for Authors
Aims and scope
Article types
Language
Peer review
Open access
Article publishing charge (APC)
Before you begin
Ethics in publishing
Submission declaration and verification
Authorship
Changes to authorship
Declaration of interest
Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
Funding sources
Preparation
Paper template and related documents
Manuscript anonymization
Introduction
Aims and scope
She Ji is a peer-reviewed, trans-disciplinary design journal. We focus on economics and innovation, design process, and design thinking in today’s complex socio-technical environment. We are an open access journal with no fees. Our mission is to further design innovation in industry, business, non-profit services, and government through economic and social value creation. Innovation requires integrating ideas, economics, and technology to create new knowledge at the intersection of different fields. She Ji provides a unique forum for this inquiry. Articles in She Ji address the creation, development, distribution, and use of goods and services by societies, organizations, and individuals; the creation and control of socio-technical systems; the strategic and managerial issues these entail; the way that organizations use design; and how design thinking informs wider social, managerial, and intellectual discourses. We also publish articles in research methods and methodology, philosophy, and philosophy of science that support our core journal area. She Ji welcomes articles on a wide range of topics. These include:
Design for complex socio-technical systems
Scientific, technical, and philosophical problems in fourth-order design
Design driven innovation for social and economic change
Design practices in management, consulting, and public service
Design for alternative economies and industrial transformation
Design for sustainability
Design for social innovation, organizational change, and education
Design, computation, and algorithms
Design and cybernetics
Cultural and societal aspects of design and innovation
Philosophy of design
Philosophy of science for design research
Design theory, methods, and methodology
Research methods and research skills for the design field
She Ji encourages three new dimensions in the literature of design and innovation: (1) rigorous research in design using the methods of the natural sciences, social sciences, and economics; (2) economic and management inquiry; (3) methodological contributions that deploy innovative research methods and processes.
She Ji publishes seven types of articles:
Original research articles. She Ji welcomes conceptual, theoretical, and empirical articles. All research articles move through double-blind peer review. Following peer review, She Ji works with authors on a final round of copy editing to ensure highly readable articles that will reach and influence a wide audience of scholars, researchers, and professional designers, teachers, and students, as well as leaders in business, industry, and government.
Review articles. She Ji encourages literature review and research review. Review articles use double-blind peer review followed by copy editing.
Project articles.She Ji welcomes reports on innovative projects involving careful design reasoning and in-depth reflection. We see these as the practitioner’s viewpoint by artifact. Project articles are reviewed by expert practitioners.
Viewpoint articles. Viewpoint articles involve informed opinion and comments by distinguished experts. While viewpoint articles present expert opinion, these articles use double-blind peer review to check facts and to ensure rigorous argumentation followed by copy editing.
Book reviews. Books reviews focus on analysis and discussion of individual books as well as extended book reviews covering several books. Book reviews use double-blind peer review followed by copy editing. She Ji also publishes short book notes. Short book notes are not subject to peer review.
Discussion articles. Discussion articles include interviews, opinion leader commentary, and dialogues. Discussion articles are not subject to peer review.
Letters. Letters to the journal comment on published articles. Letters are not subject to peer review.
Article types
She Ji publishes seven types of articles:
Original research articles. She Ji welcomes conceptual, theoretical, and empirical articles. All research articles are subject to double-blind peer review.
Review articles. She Ji encourages literature review and research review articles. Review articles use double-blind peer review.
Project articles. She Ji welcomes reports on innovative projects involving careful design reasoning and in-depth reflection. We see these as the practitioner’s viewpoint by artifact. Project articles are reviewed by expert practitioners.
Viewpoint articles. Viewpoint articles involve informed opinion and comments by distinguished experts. While viewpoint articles present expert opinion, these articles use double-blind peer review to check facts and to ensure rigorous argumentation followed by copy editing.
Book reviews. Books reviews focus on analysis and discussion of individual books as well as extended book reviews covering several books. She Ji also publishes short book notes. Book reviews are not subject to peer review.
Discussion articles. Discussion articles include interviews, opinion leader commentary, and dialogues. Discussion articles are not subject to peer review.
Letters. She Ji encourages written responses to articles and original comments on issues relevant to the journal. Letters to the editor are limited to 1,500 words. All letters commenting on articles will be sent to the author of the original article for response. Selected letters will be published in She Ji. Letters are not subject to peer review.
Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission. Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
Language
Authors should write in good, standard English. Manuscripts may be prepared in either British English or U.S. English, but not a mixture of these. However, She Ji publishes all accepted articles in U.S. English, which is consistent with the journal’s citation and formatting standards under the Chicago Manual of Style. During our copyediting process, accepted manuscripts will be edited to U.S. English to ensure consistency across the journal.
Peer review
This journal operates a double anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor’s decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal’s usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
Open access
This is an open access journal: all articles will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. For more details please visit link intensively.
Article publishing charge (APC)
As an open-access journal with no subscription charges, an Article Publishing Charge (APC) is required to cover publication-related costs. This ensures that all published articles are immediately and permanently free to access.
All APCs for articles submitted to the journal are permanently covered by Tongji University.
Before you begin
Ethics in publishing
Authors must follow ethical guidelines stated inElsevier's Publishing Ethics Policy.
Submission declaration and verification
When authors submit an article to a journal it is implied that:
the work described has not been published previously except in the form of a preprint, an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis. See our policy on multiple, redundant or concurrent publication.
the article is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
the article’s publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out.
if accepted, the article will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
To verify compliance with our journal publishing policies, we may check your manuscript with our screening tools.
Authorship
All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following:
The conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data.
Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
Final approval of the version to be submitted.
Authors should appoint a corresponding author to communicate with the journal during the editorial process. All authors should agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work to ensure that the questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following information from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
All requests to change authorship must be submitted using this form. Requests which do not comply with the instructions outlined in the form will not be considered.
Declaration of interest
Corresponding authors, on behalf of all the authors of a submission, must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications, patent registrations, and grants or other funding. All authors, including those without competing interests to declare, should provide the relevant information to the corresponding author (where relevant, they should specify that they have nothing to declare). This information forms part of the journal’s official records. More information.
Corresponding authors should then use the Declaration Template (available below in the “Paper template and related documents” section) to create a shared statement and upload to the submission system at the Attach Files step. Author signatures are not required.
Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
Authors must declare the use of generative AI in the manuscript preparation process upon submission of the paper.
Elsevier recognizes the potential of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies (“AI Tools”), when used responsibly, to help researchers work efficiently, gain critical insights fast and achieve better outcomes. Increasingly, these tools, including AI agents and deep research tools, are helping researchers to synthesize complex literature, provide an overview of a field or research question, identify research gaps, generate ideas, and provide tailored support for tasks such as content organization and improving language and readability.
Authors preparing a manuscript for an Elsevier journal can use AI Tools to support them. However, these tools must never be used as a substitute for human critical thinking, expertise and evaluation. AI technology should always be applied with human oversight and control.
Ultimately, authors are responsible and accountable for the contents of their work. This includes accountability for:
Carefully reviewing and verifying the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and impartiality of all AI-generated output (including checking the sources, as AI-generated references can be incorrect or fabricated).
Editing and adapting all material thoroughly to ensure the manuscript represents the author’s authentic and original contribution and reflects their own analysis, interpretation, insights and ideas.
Ensuring the use of any tools or sources, AI-based or otherwise, is made clear and transparent to readers. If AI Tools have been used, we require a disclosure statement upon submission; please see example below.
Ensuring the manuscript is developed in a way that safeguards data privacy, intellectual property and other rights, by checking the terms and conditions of any AI tool that is used.
Finally, authors must not list or cite AI Tools as an author or co-author on the manuscript since authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to, and performed by, humans.
The use of AI Tools in the manuscript preparation process must be declared by adding a statement at the end of the manuscript when the paper is first submitted. The statement will appear in the published work and should be placed in a new section before the references list.
An example:
Title of new section: Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process.
Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME OF TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.
The declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools, such as tools used to check grammar, spelling and references. If you have nothing to disclose, you do not need to add a statement.
Please read Elsevier’s author policy on the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies, which can be found in our generative AI policies for journals.
Please note: to protect authors’ rights and the confidentiality of their research, this journal does not currently allow the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies such as ChatGPT or similar services by reviewers or editors in the peer review and manuscript evaluation process, as is stated in our generative AI policies for journals. We are actively evaluating compliant AI Tools and may revise this policy in the future.
Funding sources
Authors must disclose any funding sources who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article. The role of sponsors, if any, should be declared in relation to the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report and decision to submit the article for publication. If funding sources had no such involvement this should be stated in your submission.
List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder’s requirements:
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants, scholarships and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Preparation
Paper template and related documents
She Ji twelve principles of reference and citation (concise version)
She Ji twelve principles of reference and citation (full version)
Please see the Contributors Page for examples of author biographies.
Manuscript anonymization
This journal uses double-blind review, which means the identities of the authors are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa. More information is available on our website.
To facilitate the journal’s double-blind peer review process, authors should remove any information from a manuscript that identifies them as authors. This includes credit captions in figures and tables. Author names should NOT be removed from quotations, citations, or reference lists. Rather than treating these items as something written by the author, authors should use these and refer to them in the same way that they use or refer to material by any writer who is not involved in the article. Quotations, citations, and references support the article and lead from the premises to the conclusion. Authors often rely on their earlier work to develop an article. Reviewers must be able to examine any cited source in the course of preparing a review. Reviewers can read those documents without knowing which items were written by the authors of the article under review.
In your online submission, please include the following separately:
Title page (with author details): This should include the title, authors’ names, affiliations, and acknowledgments, and a complete address for the corresponding author including an e-mail address.
Manuscript (without revealing the author’s identity): The main body of the paper (including figure captions and table captions) should not include any identifying information.
The author’s name should be removed from the document properties. In Microsoft Word, this is found under the File menu.
File format
We ask you to provide editable source files for your entire submission (including figures, tables and text graphics). Some guidelines:
Save files in an editable format, using the extension .doc/.docx for Word files. A PDF is not an acceptable source file.
The electronic text should be prepared based on the Paper Template.
Format Word files in a single-column layout.
Remove any strikethrough and underlined text from your manuscript, unless it has scientific significance related to your article.
Do NOT use the word processor options to justify text or hyphenate words.
Use spell-check and grammar-check functions to avoid errors.
We advise you to read our Step-by-step guide to publishing with Elsevier.
Title page
Please include the following details in the title page information:
Title. Make the title concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae.
Author names and affiliations. Where an author’s family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the city name and country name, and the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, and in post-publication correspondence. Ensure that you provide e-mail address and full postal address. The corresponding author must keep contact details up to date.
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a “Present address” (or “Permanent address”) may be clearly indicated immediately below the main, affiliation address at which the author actually did the work.
Acknowledgments, if any.
Please download and use the Title Page Template (available above) to prepare your title page.
Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article.
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use “Highlights” in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See https://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.
Abstract
She Ji requires a concise and factual abstract with a maximum of 200 words. The abstract should briefly state the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. Abstracts are often presented separately from articles, so they must be able to stand alone. For this reason, avoid references in abstracts. If a reference is essential, cite author(s) and year(s). Avoid non-standard or uncommon abbreviations. If essential, abbreviations and acronyms must be defined at first appearance in the abstract itself.
Keywords
We request authors to provide up to six keywords associated with the paper.
Acknowledgments
Authors should collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the title page. Acknowledgments should list individuals who provide help in research such as suggestions on methods and methodology, calculations and statistics, resources and tools. Acknowledgments should also list those who provide help in writing the article, such as language help, writing assistance, or proof reading. It is also appropriate to acknowledge those who provide broader help by reading the article to offer suggestions.
After the article is accepted, acknowledgments will be included in the manuscript and placed before the references.
Tables
Tables must be submitted as editable text, not as images. Some guidelines:
Place tables within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
Cite all tables in the manuscript text.
Number tables consecutively according to their appearance in the text.
Please provide captions along with the tables.
Place any table notes below the table body and indicate table notes with superscript lowercase letters.
Avoid vertical rules and shading within table cells.
We recommend that you use tables sparingly, ensuring that any data presented in tables is not duplicating results described elsewhere in the article.
Figures, images and artwork
Figures, images, artwork, diagrams and other graphical media must be supplied as separate files along with the manuscript. We recommend that you read our detailed artwork and media instructions. Some excerpts:
When submitting artwork:
Cite all images in the manuscript text.
Number images according to the sequence they appear within your article.
Submit each image as a separate file using a logical naming convention for your files (for example, Figure_1, Figure_2 etc.).
Please provide captions for all figures, images, and artwork.
Text graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position.
Please do NOT:
Supply files optimized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Figure captions Authors should ensure that each illustration has a caption. Authors must supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration including a rights-holder credit line, as demonstrated in Figures 1–3 in Paper Template. Keep text to a minimum in the illustrations themselves but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. All figures must be cited in the text.
Generative AI and Figures, images and artwork
Please read our policy on the use of generative AI and AI-assisted tools in figures, images and artwork, which can be found in Elsevier’s GenAI Policies for Journals. This policy states:
We do not permit the use of Generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create or alter images in submitted manuscripts.
The only exception is if the use of AI or AI-assisted tools is part of the research design or methods (for example, in the field of biomedical imaging). If this is the case, such use must be described in a reproducible manner in the methods section, including the name of the model or tool, version and extension numbers, and manufacturer.
The use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools in the production of artwork such as for graphical abstracts is not permitted. The use of generative AI in the production of cover art may in some cases be allowed, if the author obtains prior permission from the journal editor and publisher, can demonstrate that all necessary rights have been cleared for the use of the relevant material, and ensures that there is correct content attribution.
Supplementary material
We encourage the use of supplementary materials such as applications, images and sound clips to enhance research. Some guidelines:
Supplementary material should be accurate and relevant to the research.
Cite all supplementary files in the manuscript text.
Submit supplementary materials at the same time as your article. Be aware that all supplementary materials provided will appear online in the exact same file type as received. These files will not be formatted or typeset by the production team.
Include a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file describing its content.
Provide updated files if at any stage of the publication process you wish to make changes to submitted supplementary materials.
Do not make annotations or corrections to a previous version of a supplementary file.
Switch off the option to track changes in Microsoft Office files. If tracked changes are left on, they will appear in your published version.
Video
This journal accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. We encourage you to include links to video or animation files within articles. Some guidelines:
When including video or animation file links within your article, refer to the video or animation content by adding a note in your text where the file should be placed.
Clearly label files ensuring the given file name is directly related to the file content.
Provide files in one of our recommended file formats. Files should be within our preferred maximum file size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total.
Provide “stills” for each of your files. These will be used as standard icons to personalize the link to your video data. You can choose any frame from your video or animation or make a separate image.
Provide descriptive text in your manuscript to refer to the video content. This text helps ensure accessibility for visually impaired readers who rely on descriptive information. For journals publishing in print this is also essential, as video and animation files cannot be embedded in the print version.
We publish all video and animation files supplied in the electronic version of your article.
For more detailed instructions, we recommend that you read our guidelines on submitting video content to be included in the body of an article.
Research data
We are committed to supporting the storage of, access to and discovery of research data, and our research data policy sets out the principles guiding how we work with the research community to support a more efficient and transparent research process.
Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
Please read our guidelines on sharing research data for more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials.
Research data deposit and citation
For this journal, Option A instructions from our research data guidelines apply. This means that you are encouraged to:
Deposit your research data in a relevant data repository.
Cite this dataset in your article.
Data statement
To foster transparency, you are encouraged to state the availability of any data at submission.
Ensuring data is available may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you can state the reason why (e.g., your research data includes sensitive or confidential information such as patient data) during the submission process. This statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect.
Read more about the importance and benefits of providing a data statement.
Data linking
Linking to the data underlying your work increases your exposure and may lead to new collaborations. It also provides readers with a better understanding of the described research.
If your research data has been made available in a data repository there are a number of ways your article can be linked directly to the dataset:
Provide a link to your dataset when prompted during the online submission process.
For some data repositories, a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
You can also link relevant data or entities within the text of your article through the use of identifiers. Use the following format: Database: 12345 (e.g. TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
Learn more about linking research data and research articles in ScienceDirect
Mendeley data
This journal supports Mendeley Data, enabling you to deposit any research data (including raw and processed data, video, code, software, algorithms, protocols and methods) associated with your manuscript in a free-to-use, open access repository.
Before or during the submission process, you can deposit the relevant datasets to Mendeley Data. Please include the DOI of the deposited dataset(s) in your main manuscript file.
The datasets will be listed and directly accessible to readers next to your published article online.
Learn more about Mendeley Data for journals.
References
This Journal uses both footnotes and reference list following the Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition.
Authors should follow the detailed instructions and examples in Paper Template. Notes should be numbered consecutively and placed at the bottom of the page where the in-text citation is located. The manuscript should conform to the Chicago Manual of Style note style. Quotations from foreign language sources should be translated into English in the text. If necessary, original-language quotes may appear in footnotes. Use a reference list at the end of the article, ordered alphabetically by last name of the first author. Use the Chicago Manual of Style reference format.
Careful referencing
She Ji requests precise, fine-grained references that permit the reader to locate quoted material at the exact location in the source document. Authors should treat direct quotations, indirect quotations, and paraphrases the same way, providing precise page numbers or page ranges in references for all quotations and cited sources. This practice helps the reader while building and supporting the knowledge of the field. Please refer to the "Twelve Principles of Reference and Citation" for detailed referencing guidelines. Use this short guide to understand the reasoning and principles behind notes and references in She Ji.
Citation in text
The reference list should include only works cited in the text that have been published or accepted for publication. References cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results, unpublished reports, and personal communications should not appear in the reference list, but may be cited in the text in footnotes. The designation "in press" in the reference list means that the item listed has been accepted for publication.
Web references
For web references, authors must provide a full URL and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any other available information should be provided if it is visible on the web site. This includes author, dates, publishers, references to source publication, or DOI.
Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
Preprint references
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. (The preprint DOI should also be provided.)
Reference management software
This journal has standard templates available in key reference management packages EndNote (http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp) and Reference Manager (http://refman.com/support/rmstyles.asp). Using plug-ins to word processing packages, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article and the list of references and citations to these will be formatted according to the journal style which is described below.
Reference style
The following examples illustrate citations using the notes-and-references system. For each citation, we provide both the footnote format (Fn) and the reference format (Ref). Please note the difference between the two. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 13 of The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th Edition.
Book: Authored book
Fn:
1. Herbert A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd ed. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996), 99– 100.
2. William McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things (New York: North Point Press, 2002), 24.
Ref:
Simon, Herbert A. The Sciences of the Artificial. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996.
McDonough, William, and Michael Braungart. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York: North Point Press, 2002.
Book: Edited book
Fn:
1. Richard Buchanan and Victor Margolin, eds., Discovering Design: Explorations in Design Studies (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995), 23.
Ref:
Buchanan, Richard, and Victor Margolin, eds. Discovering Design: Explorations in Design Studies. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995.
Book: Translated edition
Fn:
1. Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, trans. Colin Smith (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962), 42.
Ref:
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962.
Chapter or article in an edited book
Fn:
1. Gernot Grabher and Jonas König, “Performing Network Theory? Reflexive Relationship Management on Social Network Sites,” in Networked Governance, ed. Betina Hollstein et al. (Cham: Springer, 2017), 121–40.
Ref:
Grabher, Gernot, and Jonas König. “Performing Network Theory? Reflexive Relationship Management on Social Network Sites.” In Networked Governance, edited by Betina Hollstein, Wenzel Matiaske, and Kai-Uwe Schnapp, 121–40. Cham: Springer, 2017.
A paper included in the published conference proceedings can be treated like a chapter in a book.
Journal article: One to two authors
Fn:
1. Richard Buchanan, “Wicked Problems in Design Thinking,” Design Issues 8, no. 2 (1992): 5, https://doi.org/10.2307/1511637.
2. Fabrizio Ceschin and Idil Gaziulusoy, “Evolution of Design for Sustainability: From Product Design to Design for System Innovations and Transitions,” Design Studies 47 (November 2016): 118–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2016.09.002.
Ref:
Buchanan, Richard. “Wicked Problems in Design Thinking.” Design Issues 8, no. 2 (1992): 5–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511637.
Ceschin, Fabrizio, and Idil Gaziulusoy. “Evolution of Design for Sustainability: From Product Design to Design for System Innovations and Transitions.” Design Studies 47 (November 2016): 118–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2016.09.002.
Journal article: Three to six authors
Fn:
1. Chunlei Chai et al., “Behavioral Analysis of Analogical Reasoning in Design: Difference among Designers with Different Expertise Levels,” Design Studies 37, no.1 (2015): 30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2014.07.001.
2. Yoonyee Pahk et al., “Covalent, a Method for Co-designing Value Exchange in Community-Centred Design,” CoDesign 14, no. 4 (2018): 275–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2017.1325908.
Ref:
Chai, Chunlei, Fei Cen, Weiyu Ruan, Cheng Yang, and Hongting Li. “Behavioral Analysis of Analogical Reasoning in Design: Difference among Designers with Different Expertise Levels.” Design Studies 37, no.1 (2015): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2014.07.001.
Pahk, Yoonyee, James Andrew Self, and Joon Sang Baek. “Covalent, a Method for Co-designing Value Exchange in Community-Centred Design.” CoDesign 14, no. 4 (2018): 275–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2017.1325908.
Journal article: More than six authors
Fn:
1. Luciano Floridi et al., “AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations,” Minds and Machines 28, no. 4 (2018): 689–707, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5.
Ref:
Floridi, Luciano, Josh Cowls, Monica Beltrametti et al. “AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations.” Minds and Machines 28, no. 4 (2018): 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5.
Non-English journal article
Fn:
1. Guanzhong Liu and Lingtao Tang, “创新的悖论——‘制造型工业经济’的文化现象” [Paradox of Innovation—The Cultural Phenomenon of ‘Industrial Economy of Manufacturing Type’], 装饰, no. 12 (2007): 12.
Ref:
Liu, Guanzhong, and Lingtao Tang. “创新的悖论——‘制造型工业经济’的文化现象” [Paradox of Innovation—The Cultural Phenomenon of ‘Manufacturing Type of Industrial Economy’]. 装饰, no. 12 (2007): 12–15.
Thesis or dissertation (published or unpublished)
Fn:
1. Kees Dorst, Describing Design: A Comparison of Paradigms (Delft, the Netherlands: Delft University of Technology, 1997), 123.
2. Mariana V. Amatullo, “Design Attitude and Social Innovation: Empirical Studies of the Return on Design” (PhD dissertation, Case Western Reserve University, 2015), https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?p10_etd_subid=102719&clear=10.
Ref:
Dorst, Kees. Describing Design: A Comparison of Paradigms. Delft, the Netherlands: Delft University of Technology, 1997.
Amatullo, Mariana V. “Design Attitude and Social Innovation: Empirical Studies of the Return on Design.” PhD dissertation, Case Western Reserve University, 2015. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?p10_etd_subid=102719&clear=10.
Unpublished materials or informal communications
Fn:
1. Patricia Burns, e-mail message to author, December 15, 2008.
2. Cory Cotter, “The Weakest Link: The Argument for On-Wrist Band Welding” (unpublished manuscript, last modified December 3, 2008), Microsoft Word file.
Only use note. Do not include in the reference list.
Web page with unknown author or unknown publication date
Fn:
1. “Style Guide,” Wikipedia, last modified February 23, 2023, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_guide.
2. Thomas Thwaites, “A Holiday from Being Human (GoatMan),” Thomasthwaites.com (personal website), accessed July 14, 2021, http://www.thomasthwaites.com/a-holiday-from-being-human-goatman/.
Ref:
“Style Guide.” Wikipedia, last modified February 23, 2023. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_guide.
Thwaites, Thomas. “A Holiday from Being Human (GoatMan).” Thomasthwaites.com (personal website). Accessed July 14, 2021. http://www.thomasthwaites.com/a-holiday-from-being-human-goatman/.
Web page with known author and date
Fn:
1. Don Norman, “Why Design Education Must Change,” Core77, last modified November 26, 2010, https://www.core77.com/posts/17993/why-design-education-must-change-17993.
Ref:
Norman, Don. “Why Design Education Must Change.” Core77. Last modified November 26, 2010, https://www.core77.com/posts/17993/why-design-education-must-change-17993.
Online multimedia
Fn:
1. “Hans Rosling’s 200 Countries, 200 Years,” YouTube video, 4:42, from The Joy of Stats: Documentary Film by BBC Four on December 7, 2010, posted by BBC, November 26, 2010, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo.
Ref:
“Hans Rosling’s 200 Countries, 200 Years.” YouTube video, 4:42, from The Joy of Stats: Documentary Film by BBC Four on December 7, 2010. Posted by BBC, November 26, 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo.
Film, Television, and other recorded mediums
Fn:
1. Objectified, directed by Gary Hustwit (2009; Brooklyn, NY: Plexifilm, 2010), DVD.
Ref:
Objectified. Directed by Gary Hustwit. 2009. Brooklyn, NY: Plexifilm, 2010. DVD.
Report
Fn:
1. World Commission on Environment and Development, Report of World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to Document A/42/427- Development and International Co-operation: Environment (United Nations, 1987), accessed March 3, 2023, http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm.
2. City of Chicago, “A Recipe for Healthy Places” (report, published by the City of Chicago Department of Housing and Economic Development, 2013), accessed March 3, 2023, https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dcd/supp_info/a_recipe_for_healthyplaces.html.
R:
World Commission on Environment and Development. Report of World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to Document A/42/427- Development and International Co-operation: Environment. United Nations, 1987. Accessed March 3, 2023, http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm.
City of Chicago. “A Recipe for Healthy Places.” Report, published by City of Chicago Department of Housing and Economic Development, 2013. Accessed March 3, 2023, https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dcd/supp_info/a_recipe_for_healthyplaces.html.
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