Heatwaves induce blood pressure elevations in elderly hypertensive populations: Evidence from a panel study
July 2026
Climate change has intensified extreme heat events, increasing cardiovascular risk, especially among older individuals with hypertension, due to compromised thermoregulation and vascular function. This...
Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review
September 2025
Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions...
State of China’s atmospheric environment in 2025
Available online 2 May 2026
The year 2025 experienced appreciable improvements in both PM2.5 and O3 air quality over China but with strong regional differences. Relative to 2022–2024, the national PM2.5 concentration in 2025 was...
Nowcasting of cloud-to-ground lightning location and frequency based on a deep learning technique
May 2026
Predicting lightning that can cause power grid trips is significant for disaster prevention. This paper integrates cloud-to-ground lightning detection, water vapor and infrared channel as well as channel...
Verification of the AIFS-WRF hybrid model for precipitation forecasting in a flood period of South China
Available online 17 April 2026
A Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF)-based hybrid system, driven by Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS) global fields and constrained by nudging, is evaluated for one-month precipitation...
Holocene volcanic activity shaped centennial-scale variability of Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall
Available online 4 May 2026
Understanding the long-term evolution and variability of the Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall (NHLMR) is crucial for interpreting past hydroclimate changes and assessing future monsoon responses....
Climatic drivers of summer run-of-river hydropower generation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin: Synergistic effects of subtropical westerly jet dynamics and transregional teleconnections
July 2026
Based on ERA5 reanalysis and CN05.1 gridded observational datasets, this study investigates key meteorological drivers and cross-seasonal mechanisms influencing summer (June–July–August) run-of-river...
Contrasting northern and southern East Asian temperature responses to orbital forcing during the late Eocene
Available online 30 April 2026
During the late Eocene, East Asian climate evolved under the combined influence of global cooling, paleogeographic reorganization, and orbital forcing, yet how these factors interacted to shape regional...
Variations of the Hadley circulation in the past 250 million years
Available online 14 May 2026
Extensive studies have consistently demonstrated the widening and weakening of the Hadley circulation (HC) under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in modern and projected future climates. However,...
Enhanced atmospheric phosphorus deposition in Asia and Europe in the past two decades
September 2021
Image, graphical abstract...
Multidecadal variability of Northern hemisphere land monsoon precipitation dominated by explosive volcanic eruptions over the last millennium
Available online 14 May 2026
Volcanic eruptions are among the most profound sources of natural external radiative forcing of the climate system, imparting significant impacts on global and regional climate. Previous studies have...
Assessment of global meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6
January 2022
Quantifying the changes and propagation of drought is of great importance for regional eco-environmental safety and water-related disaster management under global warming. In this study, phase 6 of...
Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
January 2026
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
CLKA-LPO: A CNN-LSTM-KAN neural network for lightning potential and flash rate prediction based on atmospheric physical parameters
May 2026
Lightning poses significant risks to infrastructure and safety. Existing forecasting models depend on LPI data but often ignore the impact of atmospheric parameters on lightning. These methods are simple...
Simulation studies of climate and water isotopes in North America during the last deglaciation
Available online 12 May 2026
North America experienced the most extensive deglacial ice-sheet changes, critically reorganizing the Northern Hemisphere climate. However, the climatic interpretation of speleothem oxygen isotopes...
The record-breaking compound heatwave and drought event in 2024 over the Sichuan basin, Southwest China
Available online 2 February 2026
During August to September 2024, the Sichuan Basin in Southwest China experienced a record-breaking compound heatwave and drought event (CHDE)—the most severe since 1980. This event was characterized...
Prediction of the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon based on machine learning
July 2026
Accurately predicting the onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) is crucial for agricultural planning and disaster prevention for countries surrounding the SCS. However, due to the...
State of China's climate in 2023
September 2024
China witnessed a warm and dry climate in 2023. The annual surface air temperature reached a new high of 10.71°C, with the hottest autumn and the second hottest summer since 1961. Meanwhile, the annual...
State of China’s climate in 2024
September 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on global fire PM2.5 during 2000–2023
May 2025
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a key driver of global climate variability, profoundly influencing regional fire activities and associated pollutant emissions. This study investigates the...
Physically constrained AI-driven initial conditions enhance refined weather forecasting over the Tibetan Plateau
Available online 22 April 2026
To address the challenges of refined numerical weather prediction in complex terrain regions, the authors developed a hybrid regional forecast framework (NG-WRF) driven by NeuralGCM (NG), a physically...
The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts
July 2022
The ocean's thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society. This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences...
A novel index for regional stratospheric wave reflection and its impact on surface air temperature over North America
Available online 22 May 2026
Accurately identifying stratospheric wave reflection is crucial for understanding wintertime extremes. Using ERA5 (fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis) data from 1979 to 2023, this study establishes...
A systematic approach to developing an effective AI-based bias correction model
Available online 6 March 2026
This study introduces ReSA-ConvLSTM, an AI framework for systematic bias correction in numerical weather prediction. The authors propose three innovations by integrating dynamic climatological normalization,...
Simulated carbon cycle response to ocean iron fertilization and artificial ocean alkalinization
July 2026
Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) and artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) are two proposed ocean-based carbon dioxide removal methods to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change. In this...