Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review
September 2025
Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions...
Nowcasting of cloud-to-ground lightning location and frequency based on a deep learning technique
May 2026
Predicting lightning that can cause power grid trips is significant for disaster prevention. This paper integrates cloud-to-ground lightning detection, water vapor and infrared channel as well as channel...
A systematic approach to developing an effective AI-based bias correction model
Available online 6 March 2026
This study introduces ReSA-ConvLSTM, an AI framework for systematic bias correction in numerical weather prediction. The authors propose three innovations by integrating dynamic climatological normalization,...
Heatwaves induce blood pressure elevations in elderly hypertensive populations: Evidence from a panel study
Available online 4 December 2025
Climate change has intensified extreme heat events, increasing cardiovascular risk, especially among older individuals with hypertension, due to compromised thermoregulation and vascular function. This...
Luzon Strait heat transport and mesoscale eddies’ enhancement effect on boreal winter subsurface marine heatwaves in the South China Sea
Available online 13 February 2026
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) significantly impact marine ecosystems, yet boreal winter subsurface events remain underexplored. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics,...
Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
January 2026
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
The record-breaking compound heatwave and drought event in 2024 over the Sichuan basin, Southwest China
Available online 2 February 2026
During August to September 2024, the Sichuan Basin in Southwest China experienced a record-breaking compound heatwave and drought event (CHDE)—the most severe since 1980. This event was characterized...
Nonlinear and asymmetric response of the Miocene ENSO to increasing CO2 forcing
Available online 20 January 2026
The characteristics of the Miocene El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its response to varying atmospheric CO2 levels are investigated by using the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation...
Exploring typhoon prediction and convective bursts through integration of a numerical model after vortex initialization with AI weather forecasting
March 2026
Typhoon Bebinca in 2024 experienced a nearshore outbreak (a rapid intensification (RI) near the coast), making accurate forecasting of unpredictable tracks and intensities highly challenging. The AI...
A dual-weighted loss function for lightning nowcasting
May 2026
Lightning associated with severe convective weather poses a significant threat to public safety and infrastructure. While traditional numerical weather prediction and statistical methods have limitations...
Infrared brightness temperature–based indicators for identifying thunderstorm clouds: Insights from FY-4A satellite observations
May 2026
Accurate monitoring and timely identification of early indicators of thunderstorms are of paramount importance in preventing and mitigating the potential disasters associated with such meteorological...
State of China’s climate in 2024
September 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
Two types of low-level jets in China during the warm season: Observational climatology from radiosonde data
Available online 2 March 2026
Low-level jets (LLJs) are widespread across China and significantly shape warm-season precipitation. This study provides the first observational climatology of two LLJ types—boundary-layer jets (BLJs)...
The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts
July 2022
The ocean's thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society. This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences...
Improving seasonal prediction skill for South China heatwaves based on circulation classification and machine learning
Available online 10 March 2026
Due to the diverse circulation backgrounds of South China heatwaves, this study employed circulation-based classification and machine learning to improve seasonal prediction skill of heatwaves. Specifically,...
DeepOE: A physics-informed neural network for atmospheric temperature profile retrieval
Available online 27 January 2026
Existing retrieval methods based on infrared hyperspectral data still face limitations. On the one hand, physics-based iterative algorithms require multiple radiative transfer calculations, resulting...
U-Net: A deep-learning method for improving summer precipitation forecasts in China
July 2023
A deep-learning method named U-Net was applied to improve the skill in forecasting summer (June–August) precipitation for at a one-month lead during the period 1981–2020 in China. The variables of geopotential...
Classification of marine heatwaves in the South China Sea and their thermodynamic features
March 2026
The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) has increased recently. However, the relative roles of thermal and dynamic processes regulating the changes of SCS MHWs remain an...
3D DBSCAN detection and parameter sensitivity of the 2022 Yangtze river summertime heatwave and drought
July 2023
Spatially and temporally accurate event detection is a precondition for exploring the mechanisms of climate extremes. To achieve this, a classical unsupervised machine learning method, the DBSCAN (Density-Based...
Assessment of global meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6
January 2022
Quantifying the changes and propagation of drought is of great importance for regional eco-environmental safety and water-related disaster management under global warming. In this study, phase 6 of...
Climatological characteristics of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones along different tracks in the western North Pacific (1979–2022)
March 2026
Based on datasets from the International Best-Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5), the authors found that 29% of tropical cyclones...
On the possible meteorological factors contributing to lightning-ignited wildfires in West Sichuan: A case study of MuLi wildfire in March 2019
May 2026
Lightning-ignited wildfires (LIWs) are a significant type of natural disaster in forest ecosystems. However, due to their high randomness and complexity, they remain difficult to detect and precisely...
State of China's climate in 2023
September 2024
China witnessed a warm and dry climate in 2023. The annual surface air temperature reached a new high of 10.71°C, with the hottest autumn and the second hottest summer since 1961. Meanwhile, the annual...
Heat waves in summer 2022 and increasing concern regarding heat waves in general
January 2023
Image, graphical abstract...
What are the major environmental factors influencing the intensification rate of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific?
Available online 13 March 2026
The intensification rate (IR) of tropical cyclones (TCs) is influenced by environmental conditions. Atmospheric and oceanic conditions for TC intensification are non-uniform in the western North Pacific...