Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years
Available online 13 April 2024
Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers (mill.km2). This was not a record low, which occurred in 2012,...
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Climatic drivers of the Canadian wildfire episode in 2023
July 2024
Extreme wildfires broke out in Canada from May 2023 and persisted four months. Tremendous fire emissions posed significant impacts on the air quality in both local and downwind regions. Here, the authors...
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Assessment of global meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6
January 2022
Quantifying the changes and propagation of drought is of great importance for regional eco-environmental safety and water-related disaster management under global warming. In this study, phase 6 of...
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Deep learning in extracting tropical cyclone intensity and wind radius information from satellite infrared images—A review
July 2023
Tropical cyclones (TCs) seriously endanger human life and the safety of property. Real-time monitoring of TCs has been one of the focal points in meteorological studies. With the development of space...
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Progress and future prospects of decadal prediction and data assimilation: A review
January 2024
Decadal prediction, also known as “near-term climate prediction”, aims to forecast climate changes in the next 1–10 years and is a new focus in the fields of climate prediction and climate change research....
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Enhanced nitrous acid (HONO) formation via NO2 uptake and its potential contribution to heavy haze formation during wintertime
Available online 31 March 2024
A full understanding of the sources of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) in the polluted urban atmosphere remains a challenge. In this study, ambient HONO and relevant species were measured during January...
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State of China's climate in 2022
November 2023
China experienced a warm and dry climate in 2022. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) was 10.51°C, which was the second highest since 1961. The annual average rainfall was 606.1 mm, which...
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U-Net: A deep-learning method for improving summer precipitation forecasts in China
July 2023
A deep-learning method named U-Net was applied to improve the skill in forecasting summer (June–August) precipitation for at a one-month lead during the period 1981–2020 in China. The variables of geopotential...
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More extreme-heat occurrences related to humidity in China
September 2023
The co-occurrence of day and night compound heat extremes has attracted much attention because of the amplified socioeconomic and human health impacts. Based on ERA5 hourly reanalysis data, this study...
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3D DBSCAN detection and parameter sensitivity of the 2022 Yangtze river summertime heatwave and drought
July 2023
Spatially and temporally accurate event detection is a precondition for exploring the mechanisms of climate extremes. To achieve this, a classical unsupervised machine learning method, the DBSCAN (Density-Based...
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Response of warm season secondary pollutants to emissions and meteorology in the North China Plain region during 2018–2022
July 2024
Air quality in China has continued to improve since 2013, although severe pollution events still occur over the North China Plain (NCP). It is noticeable that contributions from secondary pollutants...
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Comparative study on the performance of ConvLSTM and ConvGRU in classification problems—taking early warning of short-duration heavy rainfall as an example
July 2024
Convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) and convolutional gated recurrent unit (ConvGRU) are two widely adopted deep learning models that combine recurrent mechanisms with convolutional operations...
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The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts
July 2022
The ocean's thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society. This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences...
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Predicting climate anomalies: A real challenge
January 2022
In recent decades, the damage and economic losses caused by climate change and extreme climate events have been increasing rapidly. Although scientists all over the world have made great efforts to...
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Ascending phase of solar cycle 25 tilts the current El Niño–Southern oscillation transition
January 2024
A La Niña condition in the equatorial Pacific began in the early summer of 2020 and has lasted more than two and a half years (referred to as the 2020 La Niña hereafter). Predicting its temporal evolution...
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Impact of ocean data assimilation on the seasonal forecast of the 2014/15 marine heatwave in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Available online 16 April 2024
A remarkable marine heatwave, known as the “Blob”, occurred in the Northeast Pacific Ocean from late 2013 to early 2016, which displayed strong warm anomalies extending from the surface to a depth of...
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Application of the improved dung beetle optimizer, muti-head attention and hybrid deep learning algorithms to groundwater depth prediction in the Ningxia area, China
Available online 16 April 2024
Due to the lack of accurate data and complex parameterization, the prediction of groundwater depth is a challenge for numerical models. Machine learning can effectively solve this issue and has been...
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Prediction of ENSO using multivariable deep learning
July 2023
A novel multivariable prediction system based on a deep learning (DL) algorithm, i.e., the residual neural network and pure observations, was developed to improve the prediction of the El Niño–Southern...
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Multi-model ensemble forecasting of 10-m wind speed over eastern China based on machine learning optimization
September 2023
Wind substantially impacts human activity and electricity generation. Thus, accurately forecasting the short-term wind speed is of profound societal and economic significance. Based on 100 weather stations...
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A rapid assessment of MWRI-RM/FY3G brightness temperature
May 2024
The Microwave Radiation Imager for the Rainfall Mission (MWRI-RM) onboard the FengYun 3G satellite (FY3G), launched in April 2023, will provide massive brightness temperature (Tb) measurements at 17...
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Implications of the extremely hot summer of 2022 on urban ozone control in China
Available online 8 February 2024
Frequent occurrences of extreme heat are causing severe ozone pollution over China. This study examined the driving factors of urban ozone pollution in China during the extremely hot summer of 2022...
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Physical characteristics of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds from CALIPSO data over the South China Sea
Available online 23 April 2024
Studying the characteristics and mechanisms of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds over the South China Sea is vital for their impact on regional climate dynamics, and enhancing predictive models...
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A portable instrument for measurement of atmospheric Ox and NO2 based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Available online 31 March 2024
Atmospheric Ox (nitrogen dioxide (NO2) + ozone (O3)) can better reflect the local and regional change characteristics of oxidants compared to O3 alone, so obtaining Ox accurately and rapidly is the...
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Impacts of global biogenic isoprene emissions on surface ozone during 2000–2019
Available online 28 March 2024
Biogenic isoprene is an important precursor of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here, a coupled chemistry–vegetation model was used to quantify the contributions of isoprene emissions to surface O3 pollution...
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Impacts of the annual cycle of background SST in the tropical Pacific on the phase and amplitude of ENSO
Available online 16 April 2024
The dominant annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific exhibits an antisymmetric mode, which explains 83.4% total variance, and serves as a background of El Niño–Southern...
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