Perioperative management of brain hemorrhage: Advances in anesthetic strategies and translational medicine
April 2026
•Brain hemorrhage presents perioperative challenges, requiring optimized anesthetic strategies.•Anesthesia choice and agent selection significantly influence perioperative outcomes.•Advanced neuromonitoring...
Application and future directions of brain-computer interfaces in neurological disorders: Technological advances, clinical practices, and challenges
December 2025
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) represent an innovative frontier in technology, establishing a direct link between the brain and external devices. This rapidly evolving field is increasingly recognized...
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Developing treatments
March 2021
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be devastating with high morbidity and mortality. A common sequela is cerebral vasospasm, the narrowing of cerebral blood vessels that can lead to ischemic stroke if...
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: not just a “reversible” condition. Retrospective observational study and literature review
August 2026
This study aims to critically evaluate the evolving understanding of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) by examining its potential for long-term complications. While reversible cerebral...
Hemorrhage in brain tumor – An unresolved issue
June 2022
Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) as a variant of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a known, albeit rare, clinical entity. Hemorrhages within brain neoplasms seem to remain underreported, including angiomatous...
Neural decoding for EEG-BCI: from conventional machine learning to deep learning models
Available online 12 January 2026
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) decode neural signals to support alternative communication for individuals with motor and speech impairments, including severe speech disorders. We review EEG-BCI decoding...
Anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage
March 2020
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most dangerous complication of oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT). Up to half of patients with OAT-related ICH experience early clinical deterioration due to active...
Cerebral venous impairment and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
June 2024
Cerebral veins are responsible for the outflow drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF). The importance of cerebral venous drainage has been emphasized in various neurological diseases. Impaired venous...
The TLR4/MyD88 axis: Orchestrator of neuroinflammation from molecular initiation to systemic crosstalk
June 2026
Neuroinflammation is a convergent feature of neurodegenerative diseases, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, and spinal cord injury. Central to this process is the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid...
Managing Mental Disorders in Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) Patients: A Case Study on The Importance of Early Recognition and Intervention
February 2024
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) can lead to various clinical manifestations and complications. These include mental disorders that range from impaired cognitive function to disturbances in the sensorium,...
Intracerebral hemorrhage in translational research
March 2020
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious stroke subtype with high morbidity and mortality. The prognosis of ICH is poor. In recent years, there have been many studies on how to improve the prognosis...
Progress in the treatment of chronic intracranial large artery occlusion: Time for large, randomized trials?
December 2023
Chronic cerebral artery occlusion is an important cause of ischemic stroke, resulting in up to 45% of all ischemic strokes. Therefore, treatment of chronic cerebral artery occlusion is critical to improve...
Behavioral tests in rodent models of stroke
December 2020
Rodents are the most widely used experimental animals in stroke research due to their similar vascular anatomy, high reproductive rates, and availability of transgenic models. However, the difficulties...
Reliability of Siriraj stroke score to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
March 2023
The aim of study was to establish a quick way to differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke by using siriraj stroke score and find its specificity and sensitivity by comparing it with CT...
Link between heart failure and stroke: a comprehensive review
October 2025
Heart failure and stroke are two major cardiovascular conditions that significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 While the link between heart failure and ischemic stroke is well...
Digital twins for stroke prediction and management
June 2026
•Digital twins: dynamic computational replicas integrating multimodal patient data.•Patient-specific left atrial modelling stratifies AF-related embolic risk.•Imaging-informed cerebrovascular hemodynamics...
Models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral hemorrhage
December 2022
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disease with vascular amyloid-β deposits and is commonly observed among the elderly. Often associated with Alzheimer’s disease, CAA is among the...
Clinical treatment progress of small amounts thalamus hemorrhage
June 2021
Thalamic hemorrhage is one of deep-seating cerebral lesions. Conservative therapy is preferred to patients with minor thalamic hemorrhage, and external ventricular drainage is usually applied in patients...
Advancing deep learning for automated stroke detection: a review
October 2025
Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for early detection and classification. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise...
Pituitary apoplexy following heart surgery: a comprehensive review of the literature
February 2026
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by abrupt infarction or hemorrhage of the hypophysis, typically within a pituitary adenoma. Heart surgery, particularly with the use of cardiopulmonary...
Falx interhemispheric subdural hematoma in a hypertensive patient with urticaria: A case report
February 2024
Falx interhemispheric subdural hematoma (FISH) is a rare subtype of subdural hematoma that occurs between the cerebral hemispheres along with falx cerebri. It represents less than 0.5% of all subdural...
Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with intracranial aneurysms
April 2026
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a serious cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and plasma biomarkers associated with IA....
Inflammatory response in sepsis and hemorrhagic stroke
June 2023
Exaggerated/deregulated inflammatory response is a major medical problem that is often associated with bad outcomes or even the death of the patient. Sepsis and severe hemorrhagic stroke are two illustrative...
Recent trends of treatment strategies and outcomes of basal ganglia hemorrhages at a single institution
October 2024
The Early Minimally Invasive Removal of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ENRICH) Trial was designed to evaluate the minimally invasive trans-sulcal parafascicular surgery (MIPS) approach, a technique advertised...
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