Application and future directions of brain-computer interfaces in neurological disorders: Technological advances, clinical practices, and challenges
December 2025
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) represent an innovative frontier in technology, establishing a direct link between the brain and external devices. This rapidly evolving field is increasingly recognized...
Reliability of Siriraj stroke score to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
March 2023
The aim of study was to establish a quick way to differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke by using siriraj stroke score and find its specificity and sensitivity by comparing it with CT...
Neural decoding for EEG-BCI: from conventional machine learning to deep learning models
Available online 12 January 2026
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) decode neural signals to support alternative communication for individuals with motor and speech impairments, including severe speech disorders. We review EEG-BCI decoding...
Hemorrhage in brain tumor – An unresolved issue
June 2022
Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) as a variant of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a known, albeit rare, clinical entity. Hemorrhages within brain neoplasms seem to remain underreported, including angiomatous...
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Developing treatments
March 2021
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be devastating with high morbidity and mortality. A common sequela is cerebral vasospasm, the narrowing of cerebral blood vessels that can lead to ischemic stroke if...
Falx interhemispheric subdural hematoma in a hypertensive patient with urticaria: A case report
February 2024
Falx interhemispheric subdural hematoma (FISH) is a rare subtype of subdural hematoma that occurs between the cerebral hemispheres along with falx cerebri. It represents less than 0.5% of all subdural...
Perioperative management of brain hemorrhage: Advances in anesthetic strategies and translational medicine
Available online 16 July 2025
•Brain hemorrhage presents perioperative challenges, requiring optimized anesthetic strategies.•Anesthesia choice and agent selection significantly influence perioperative outcomes.•Advanced neuromonitoring...
Clinical treatment progress of small amounts thalamus hemorrhage
June 2021
Thalamic hemorrhage is one of deep-seating cerebral lesions. Conservative therapy is preferred to patients with minor thalamic hemorrhage, and external ventricular drainage is usually applied in patients...
Behavioral tests in rodent models of stroke
December 2020
Rodents are the most widely used experimental animals in stroke research due to their similar vascular anatomy, high reproductive rates, and availability of transgenic models. However, the difficulties...
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: not just a “reversible” condition. Retrospective observational study and literature review
Available online 16 September 2025
This study aims to critically evaluate the evolving understanding of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) by examining its potential for long-term complications. While reversible cerebral...
Advancing deep learning for automated stroke detection: a review
October 2025
Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for early detection and classification. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise...
Early anticoagulation in HI-1 hemorrhagic transformation after AF-associated stroke: A randomized trial
Available online 10 October 2025
•First RCT on early DOAC use in asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation in atrial fibrillation patients.•Early anticoagulation improved 30-day NIHSS and mRS scores without increasing severe bleeding...
Anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage
March 2020
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most dangerous complication of oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT). Up to half of patients with OAT-related ICH experience early clinical deterioration due to active...
Link between heart failure and stroke: a comprehensive review
October 2025
Heart failure and stroke are two major cardiovascular conditions that significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 While the link between heart failure and ischemic stroke is well...
Inflammatory response in sepsis and hemorrhagic stroke
June 2023
Exaggerated/deregulated inflammatory response is a major medical problem that is often associated with bad outcomes or even the death of the patient. Sepsis and severe hemorrhagic stroke are two illustrative...
Comparison of single-channel EEG decoding performance in imagined speech tasks
Available online 5 January 2026
EEG-based imagined speech decoding technology offers a communication solution for patients with language impairments. However, existing research on English-language systems cannot be directly applied...
Cerebral venous impairment and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
June 2024
Cerebral veins are responsible for the outflow drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF). The importance of cerebral venous drainage has been emphasized in various neurological diseases. Impaired venous...
The effect of cocaine and methamphetamine on saccular aneurysm formation and rupture: A literature review
September 2021
The pathophysiology of saccular aneurysm rupture (berry aneurysm) secondary to cocaine and methamphetamine use has been classically attributed to their effects on cerebrovasculature. We conducted a...
The evolution of brain surgery: Exploring the impact of continuum robotics
February 2025
Brain surgery requires at most accuracy and precision, yet current neurosurgical robots are limited in their ability to reach intracranial regions due to their rigid and inflexible nature. However,...
Precision medicine for cerebral Haemorrhage: Integrating Neuromarkers, Therapeutics, and recovery pathways
Available online 9 March 2026
Current state of endovascular treatment for cavernous and petrous internal carotid artery aneurysms
Available online 16 March 2025
Cavernous and petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms have similar clinical characteristics, making it feasible to discuss these two types of aneurysms together. Currently, endovascular treatment...
Prognosis of recovery and death within 1–6 months of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage undergoing suboccipital craniotomy
April 2025
Suboccipital craniotomy is a considerable surgical approach for large spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage, but its prognostic has not been comprehensively addressed. This study aims to report the surgical...
Development and validation of an improved ICH score: Integrating clinical and radiographic parameters for enhanced prediction of 30-day mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Available online 17 March 2025
•Adding pupil status and warfarin use improves ICH score mortality prediction.•The new score achieved an AUROC of 0.91, better than the original score of 0.87.•Enhanced accuracy benefits both nonoperative...
Models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral hemorrhage
December 2022
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disease with vascular amyloid-β deposits and is commonly observed among the elderly. Often associated with Alzheimer’s disease, CAA is among the...
Comparison of accuracy, sensitivity and specifity of Bahrudin score vs Siriraj score vs Gajah Mada algorithm in diagnosing type of stroke
December 2022
Rapid diagnosis is crucial for stroke patients since it is an emergency that may result in morbidity and mortality. The gold standard, which is a CT scan of the brain is not always feasible, hence,...
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