Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review
September 2025
Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions...
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U-Net: A deep-learning method for improving summer precipitation forecasts in China
July 2023
A deep-learning method named U-Net was applied to improve the skill in forecasting summer (June–August) precipitation for at a one-month lead during the period 1981–2020 in China. The variables of geopotential...
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A deep learning–based U-Net model for ENSO-related precipitation responses to sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific
July 2023
SST–precipitation feedback plays an important role in ENSO evolution over the tropical Pacific and thus it is critically important to realistically represent precipitation-induced feedback for accurate...
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Historical and future climate changes impact global solar photovoltaic power potential: Role of key meteorological variables
Available online 9 April 2025
Renewable energy, especially solar power, is vital for mitigating global warming, while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential (PVpot). This study analyzes historical (1985–2014) and...
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Classification of marine heatwaves in the South China Sea and their thermodynamic features
Available online 12 June 2025
The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) has increased recently. However, the relative roles of thermal and dynamic processes regulating the changes of SCS MHWs remain an...
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Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
Available online 23 April 2025
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
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The strongest early-summer drought–flood abrupt alternation event over the Huang–Huai–Hai River Basin in 2024 since the 1980s: Perspective of anomalous subseasonal circulation evolution
September 2025
Since the 21st century, the Huang–Huai–Hai River Basin (HHHRB) in China has experienced increased frequency and severity of drought–flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) events during early summer, characterized...
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State of China’s climate in 2024
September 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
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More extreme-heat occurrences related to humidity in China
September 2023
The co-occurrence of day and night compound heat extremes has attracted much attention because of the amplified socioeconomic and human health impacts. Based on ERA5 hourly reanalysis data, this study...
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Infrared brightness temperature–based indicators for identifying thunderstorm clouds: Insights from FY-4A satellite observations
Available online 2 June 2025
Accurate monitoring and timely identification of early indicators of thunderstorms are of paramount importance in preventing and mitigating the potential disasters associated with such meteorological...
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State of China's climate in 2023
September 2024
China witnessed a warm and dry climate in 2023. The annual surface air temperature reached a new high of 10.71°C, with the hottest autumn and the second hottest summer since 1961. Meanwhile, the annual...
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The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts
July 2022
The ocean's thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society. This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences...
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Progress and future prospects of decadal prediction and data assimilation: A review
January 2024
Decadal prediction, also known as “near-term climate prediction”, aims to forecast climate changes in the next 1–10 years and is a new focus in the fields of climate prediction and climate change research....
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Heat waves in summer 2022 and increasing concern regarding heat waves in general
January 2023
Image, graphical abstract...
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3D DBSCAN detection and parameter sensitivity of the 2022 Yangtze river summertime heatwave and drought
July 2023
Spatially and temporally accurate event detection is a precondition for exploring the mechanisms of climate extremes. To achieve this, a classical unsupervised machine learning method, the DBSCAN (Density-Based...
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Trends and characteristics of global CH4 emissions: Insights from UNFCCC greenhouse gas inventories
September 2025
The trends and characteristics of global CH4 emissions were analyzed using greenhouse gas data reported by both Annex I and non-Annex I countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate...
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Deep learning in extracting tropical cyclone intensity and wind radius information from satellite infrared images—A review
July 2023
Tropical cyclones (TCs) seriously endanger human life and the safety of property. Real-time monitoring of TCs has been one of the focal points in meteorological studies. With the development of space...
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Climatic drivers of the Canadian wildfire episode in 2023
July 2024
Extreme wildfires broke out in Canada from May 2023 and persisted four months. Tremendous fire emissions posed significant impacts on the air quality in both local and downwind regions. Here, the authors...
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Synoptic background conditions and moisture transport for producing the extreme heavy rainfall event in Valencia in 2024
Available online 18 June 2025
From 26 October to 2 November 2024, Spain experienced a record-breaking rainfall event, with the most intense episode appearing in Valencia Province. During the event, Turis station recorded a historic...
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Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on global fire PM2.5 during 2000–2023
May 2025
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a key driver of global climate variability, profoundly influencing regional fire activities and associated pollutant emissions. This study investigates the...
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Perspectives and challenges on the interaction between tropical cyclone precipitation and the ocean: A review
March 2025
Tropical cyclone–induced heavy precipitation (TCP) can have a detrimental impact on human productivity, causing significant economic losses and even human casualties in coastal countries every year....
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Impacts of lateral boundary conditions from numerical models and data-driven networks on convective-scale ensemble forecasts
March 2025
The impacts of lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) provided by numerical models and data-driven networks on convective-scale ensemble forecasts are investigated in this study. Four experiments are conducted...
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Evaluation of the simulation performance of WRF-Solar for a summer month in China using ground observation network data
July 2025
Solar energy is a pivotal clean energy source in the transition to carbon neutrality from fossil fuels. However, the intermittent and stochastic characteristics of solar radiation pose challenges for...
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Assessment of global meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6
January 2022
Quantifying the changes and propagation of drought is of great importance for regional eco-environmental safety and water-related disaster management under global warming. In this study, phase 6 of...
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Comparative study on the performance of ConvLSTM and ConvGRU in classification problems—taking early warning of short-duration heavy rainfall as an example
July 2024
Convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) and convolutional gated recurrent unit (ConvGRU) are two widely adopted deep learning models that combine recurrent mechanisms with convolutional operations...
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