Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review
September 2025
Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions...
Unveiling remote and local drivers for the interdecadal shift of European hot days
Available online 24 October 2025
The accelerated warming in Europe leaves this region especially vulnerable to severe heatwaves. Previous investigations on heatwaves have focused predominantly on long-term trends, interannual variability,...
State of China’s climate in 2024
September 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts
July 2022
The ocean's thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society. This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences...
Interannual modulation of summer precipitation over North China by the coupled tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode
January 2026
Using multi-source reanalysis data, this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode (TPA-DM) and summer precipitation in North China (NCSP) on the interannual...
Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
January 2026
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
Deep learning in extracting tropical cyclone intensity and wind radius information from satellite infrared images—A review
July 2023
Tropical cyclones (TCs) seriously endanger human life and the safety of property. Real-time monitoring of TCs has been one of the focal points in meteorological studies. With the development of space...
Prediction of ENSO using multivariable deep learning
July 2023
A novel multivariable prediction system based on a deep learning (DL) algorithm, i.e., the residual neural network and pure observations, was developed to improve the prediction of the El Niño–Southern...
Impact of Saharan dust on landfalling North Atlantic tropical cyclones over North America in September
January 2023
Using reanalysis data and model simulations, this study reveals an increase in September landfalling North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) during years that have a strengthened Saharan dust plume,...
Perspectives and challenges on the interaction between tropical cyclone precipitation and the ocean: A review
March 2025
Tropical cyclone–induced heavy precipitation (TCP) can have a detrimental impact on human productivity, causing significant economic losses and even human casualties in coastal countries every year....
Observed decadal shifts and trends in global tropical cyclone activities from 1980 to 2021
March 2023
This study investigates the variability of annual tropical cyclone (TC) frequency and intensity over six major ocean basins from 1980 to 2021. Statistical change-point and trend analyses were performed...
Simulated carbon cycle response to ocean iron fertilization and artificial ocean alkalinization
Available online 23 September 2025
Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) and artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) are two proposed ocean-based carbon dioxide removal methods to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change. In this...
A cloud optical and microphysical property product for the advanced geosynchronous radiation imager onboard China's Fengyun-4 satellites: The first version
May 2023
Fengyun-4 (FY-4), the latest collection of Chinese geostationary meteorological satellites, monitors the Eastern Hemisphere with high spatiotemporal resolutions. This study developed a cloud optical...
Response of the eastern Guangdong shelf to the sub-inertial oscillations induced by far-field Typhoon Khanun (2023): A Lagrangian perspective
Available online 7 November 2025
The destructive wind field of a typhoon can affect areas far from the typhoon and this impact is transmitted through coastal trapped waves (CTWs). CTWs are a common sub-inertial oscillation phenomenon...
The extreme windstorm of April 2025 in northern and central-eastern China: Historical ranking and synoptic origins
November 2025
In mid-April 2025, northern and central-eastern China experienced a catastrophic compound disaster marked by Beaufort 8 or greater wind gusts affecting ∼3.5 × 106 km2, exposing ∼610 million residents...
Divergent burned-area trends in Southern and Northern-Hemisphere Africa over the first half of the 21st century
Available online 11 November 2025
About 50 % of global biomass-burning carbon emissions result from wildfires, with approximately 70 % of the world’s wildfire burned area originating in Africa. This study applied machine learning models...
Wave forecast in the Atlantic Ocean using a double-stage ConvLSTM network
July 2023
Accurate forecasting of ocean waves is of great importance to the safety of marine transportation. Despite wave forecasts having been improved, the current level of prediction skill is still far from...
Short-term wind speed forecasting bias correction in the Hangzhou area of China based on a machine learning model
July 2023
Accurate wind speed forecasting is of great societal importance. In this study, the short-term wind speed forecasting bias at automatic meteorological stations in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,...
Historical and future climate changes impact global solar photovoltaic power potential: Role of key meteorological variables
November 2025
Renewable energy, especially solar power, is vital for mitigating global warming, while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential (PVpot). This study analyzes historical (1985–2014) and...
Nowcasting of cloud-to-ground lightning location and frequency based on a deep learning technique
Available online 20 February 2025
Predicting lightning that can cause power grid trips is significant for disaster prevention. This paper integrates cloud-to-ground lightning detection, water vapor and infrared channel as well as channel...
The dry and hot American Southwest under the present and future climates
November 2023
The American Southwest is undergoing alarming climate crises, suffering from the on-going mega drought, frequent flash flooding, heat waves, and wildfires that cause air pollution. The climate crises...
Statistical seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone landfalls on Taiwan Island
March 2025
Forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) activities has been a topic of great interest and research. Taiwan Island (TW) is one of the key regions that is highly exposed to TCs originated from the western North...
3D DBSCAN detection and parameter sensitivity of the 2022 Yangtze river summertime heatwave and drought
July 2023
Spatially and temporally accurate event detection is a precondition for exploring the mechanisms of climate extremes. To achieve this, a classical unsupervised machine learning method, the DBSCAN (Density-Based...
Different effects of eastern and central Pacific El Niño events on the surface shortwave radiation over southern China in winter
January 2026
This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation (SSR) in southern China, revealing different spatial...
An effective deep-learning prediction of Arctic sea-ice concentration based on the U-Net model
January 2026
Current shipping, tourism, and resource development requirements call for more accurate predictions of the Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC). However, due to the complex physical processes involved,...