Perioperative management of brain hemorrhage: Advances in anesthetic strategies and translational medicine
April 2026
•Brain hemorrhage presents perioperative challenges, requiring optimized anesthetic strategies.•Anesthesia choice and agent selection significantly influence perioperative outcomes.•Advanced neuromonitoring...
Application and future directions of brain-computer interfaces in neurological disorders: Technological advances, clinical practices, and challenges
December 2025
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) represent an innovative frontier in technology, establishing a direct link between the brain and external devices. This rapidly evolving field is increasingly recognized...
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Developing treatments
March 2021
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be devastating with high morbidity and mortality. A common sequela is cerebral vasospasm, the narrowing of cerebral blood vessels that can lead to ischemic stroke if...
Neural decoding for EEG-BCI: from conventional machine learning to deep learning models
Available online 12 January 2026
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) decode neural signals to support alternative communication for individuals with motor and speech impairments, including severe speech disorders. We review EEG-BCI decoding...
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: not just a “reversible” condition. Retrospective observational study and literature review
Available online 16 September 2025
This study aims to critically evaluate the evolving understanding of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) by examining its potential for long-term complications. While reversible cerebral...
Hemorrhage in brain tumor – An unresolved issue
June 2022
Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) as a variant of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a known, albeit rare, clinical entity. Hemorrhages within brain neoplasms seem to remain underreported, including angiomatous...
Anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage
March 2020
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most dangerous complication of oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT). Up to half of patients with OAT-related ICH experience early clinical deterioration due to active...
The TLR4/MyD88 axis: Orchestrator of neuroinflammation from molecular initiation to systemic crosstalk
June 2026
Neuroinflammation is a convergent feature of neurodegenerative diseases, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, and spinal cord injury. Central to this process is the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid...
Falx interhemispheric subdural hematoma in a hypertensive patient with urticaria: A case report
February 2024
Falx interhemispheric subdural hematoma (FISH) is a rare subtype of subdural hematoma that occurs between the cerebral hemispheres along with falx cerebri. It represents less than 0.5% of all subdural...
Reliability of Siriraj stroke score to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
March 2023
The aim of study was to establish a quick way to differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke by using siriraj stroke score and find its specificity and sensitivity by comparing it with CT...
Behavioral tests in rodent models of stroke
December 2020
Rodents are the most widely used experimental animals in stroke research due to their similar vascular anatomy, high reproductive rates, and availability of transgenic models. However, the difficulties...
Digital twins for stroke prediction and management
June 2026
•Digital twins: dynamic computational replicas integrating multimodal patient data.•Patient-specific left atrial modelling stratifies AF-related embolic risk.•Imaging-informed cerebrovascular hemodynamics...
Managing Mental Disorders in Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) Patients: A Case Study on The Importance of Early Recognition and Intervention
February 2024
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) can lead to various clinical manifestations and complications. These include mental disorders that range from impaired cognitive function to disturbances in the sensorium,...
Intracerebral hemorrhage in translational research
March 2020
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious stroke subtype with high morbidity and mortality. The prognosis of ICH is poor. In recent years, there have been many studies on how to improve the prognosis...
Advancing deep learning for automated stroke detection: a review
October 2025
Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for early detection and classification. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise...
Clinical treatment progress of small amounts thalamus hemorrhage
June 2021
Thalamic hemorrhage is one of deep-seating cerebral lesions. Conservative therapy is preferred to patients with minor thalamic hemorrhage, and external ventricular drainage is usually applied in patients...
Link between heart failure and stroke: a comprehensive review
October 2025
Heart failure and stroke are two major cardiovascular conditions that significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 While the link between heart failure and ischemic stroke is well...
Cerebral venous impairment and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
June 2024
Cerebral veins are responsible for the outflow drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF). The importance of cerebral venous drainage has been emphasized in various neurological diseases. Impaired venous...
Early anticoagulation in HI-1 hemorrhagic transformation after AF-associated stroke: A randomized trial
Available online 10 October 2025
•First RCT on early DOAC use in asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation in atrial fibrillation patients.•Early anticoagulation improved 30-day NIHSS and mRS scores without increasing severe bleeding...
Comparison of single-channel EEG decoding performance in imagined speech tasks
April 2026
Electroencephalography (EEG)-based imagined speech decoding technology offers a communication solution for patients with language impairments. However, existing research on English-language systems...
Models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral hemorrhage
December 2022
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disease with vascular amyloid-β deposits and is commonly observed among the elderly. Often associated with Alzheimer’s disease, CAA is among the...
IRRAflow active irrigation and drainage system: A glimpse into the future of cerebrospinal fluid shunts
December 2025
Chronic hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage may become inevitable, necessitating a permanent cerebrospinal fluid shunt. We report a 40-year-old woman with SAH and a CHESS score of 6. We implemented...
Atrous-based CBAM-Unet framework for intracranial hemorrhage segmentation and volume calculation with grading using CT images
February 2026
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of death following trauma, often resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) when not promptly evaluated and treated within the first 24 hours. Quantitative...
Inflammatory response in sepsis and hemorrhagic stroke
June 2023
Exaggerated/deregulated inflammatory response is a major medical problem that is often associated with bad outcomes or even the death of the patient. Sepsis and severe hemorrhagic stroke are two illustrative...
Pituitary apoplexy following heart surgery: a comprehensive review of the literature
February 2026
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by abrupt infarction or hemorrhage of the hypophysis, typically within a pituitary adenoma. Heart surgery, particularly with the use of cardiopulmonary...
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