Most Downloaded Articles

ISSN: 2589-3777

CN: 43-1540/R

p-ISSN: 2096-479X

Recommended Medicinal Plants as Source of Natural Products: A Review

June 2018

Natural product is one of the sources of drugs in pharmaceutical industry, and one of the notable origin of natural product is the medicinal plants. Medicinal plants tend to cure some certain diseases...

Medicinal properties and anti-inflammatory components of Phytolacca (Shanglu)

October 2021

Christian Bailly

(Shanglu) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years in China. Phytolacca is also used worldwide in different traditional phyto-medicines and homeopathic preparations....

Clinical research report on Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions (2023)

June 2025

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were systematically reviewed from both Chinese and English journals published in...

Correlation Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Tongue Manifestations: A Meta-analysis

June 2018

Objective To analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the manifestations of the tongue....

Research status and prospect of tongue image diagnosis analysis based on machine learning

March 2024

X.U. Jiatuo | J.I.A.N.G. Tao | L.I.U. Shi

Image-based intelligent diagnosis represents a trending research direction in the field of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In recent years, machine learning techniques, including...

Herbal remedies for Alzheimer’s disease: neuroprotective mechanisms and cognitive enhancement potential

June 2025

Dharmalingam Kirubakaran

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Current drugs offer limited benefits and often cause side effects. Recently,...

Quantum theory-based physical model of the human body in TCM

December 2022

Shuna SONG | Zhensu SHE

In the study, a quantum resonant cavity model based on wave-particle duality was proposed for the explanation of the dynamic processes of essence, vigor, and spirit in the human body in traditional...

A new interpretation of TCM pulse diagnosis based on quantum physical model of the human body

December 2022

Shuna SONG | Zhensu SHE

Following the quantum theory-based physical model of the human body, a new interpretation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “Cunkou reads viscera” is presented. Then, a Gaussian...

Medication and prescription rules for treating spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary

June 2023

Yao Shuaijun | Yang Jihong | Li Peifang | Yan Jinglai

To explore the prescriptions related to the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary (Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,《太平惠民和剂局方》, TPHMHJJF), and investigate...

Ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris based on data mining

June 2022

To explore ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris, and to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment....

Patents research and development prospects of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food from 2000 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis

September 2023

To analyze the current status and development trends of the patents of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China, and to provide ideas and references for the research...

TCMLLM-PR: evaluation of large language models for prescription recommendation in traditional Chinese medicine

December 2024

To develop and evaluate a fine-tuned large language model (LLM) for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription recommendation named TCMLLM-PR....

Mathematical Analysis of the Meridian System in Traditional Chinese Medicine

September 2020

Wan Xiao-Hai

Energy expenditure of the meridian system in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for living human bodies is one of the fundamental questions regarding the physical properties of the meridian system....

Medication rule and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating metabolism-associated fatty liver disease based on bioinformatics technology

September 2023

To analyze the main syndrome types, medication rules, and core prescription characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD),...

Artificial intelligence meets traditional Chinese medicine: a bridge to opening the magic box of sphygmopalpation for pulse pattern recognition

March 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to mimic human cognitive functions and execute intellectual activities like that performed by humans dealing with an uncertain environment. The rapid development...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725000047" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Uric acid-lowering activity and mechanisms of Chinese medicines with medicine-food homology: a systematic study </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2024</p> <p class="article-authors"> Qin Fengyi | Zhu Yishuo | Zhao Lewei | Chen Siyu | Qing Zhixing</p> <p class="article-abstract">To summarize the uric acid-lowering effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicines with medicine-food homology, aiming to provide novel perspectives for the development of new anti-hyperuricemia (HUA)...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377724000090" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Efficacy and safety of Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository plus diosmin for the treatment of hemorrhoid hemorrhage: a multicenter, randomized, and controlled trial </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2023</p> <p class="article-authors"> Rong Xinqi | Wu Mingsheng | Xin Xuezhi | Zhang Bo | Liu Dianwen | Xiao Huirong | Wang Zhenyi | Cui Junhui | Wang Jianping | Wang Zhongcheng | Fan Xiaohua | Hu Ying | Rong Yisheng | Li Ying</p> <p class="article-abstract">To compare the efficacy and safety of combining diosmin with Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository versus diosmin alone for the treatment of hemorrhoid hemorrhage....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725000205" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > From digits towards digitization: the past, present, and future of traditional Chinese medicine </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">March 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Qi Wang</p> <p class="article-abstract">Digitization is the inevitable path for the natural development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The goal of TCM digitization is to generate...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377719300217" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Long Dan Xie Gan Formula Granule Promotes Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Female Guinea Pigs with Recurrent Genital Herpes </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">June 2018</p> <p class="article-authors"> Lin KUANG | En-Hui HUANG | Qing-Hu HE | Shao-Wu CHENG | Xiao-Dan LIU</p> <p class="article-abstract">Objective To explore the effects of Long Dan Xie Gan formula granule (LDXGFG) on regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in female guinea pigs with recurrent genital herpes (herpes simplex virus 2,...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725000035" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Harnessing traditional herbal medicine: molecular insights into diabetic wound healing for modern therapeutics </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2024</p> <p class="article-authors"> Pavithra Bharathy | Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam</p> <p class="article-abstract">This study aims to explore the molecular aspects of the wound-healing potential of medicinal plants through preclinical and clinical research. This review focuses on the theoretical support and therapeutic...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772100046X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Systematic review of robust experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis for basic research </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2021</p> <p class="article-authors"> Lin Ye | Hu Mingyue | Zhang Feng | Dai Zongshun | Xie Ying | Cai Xiong | Liu Liang</p> <p class="article-abstract">Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and destruction, deformity, loss of mobility, and permanent disability. Although the cellular...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377720300653" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Physical Therapy Modalities of Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2020</p> <p class="article-authors"> Li Jie | Ou Shang-Kun | Li Wei | Liu Zu-Guo | Peng Qing-Hua</p> <p class="article-abstract">The meibomian gland is a unique sebaceous gland located in the eyelid. Its main function is to secrete lipids and form the lipid layer of the tear film to delay the evaporation of waterborne tears,...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377724000429" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Deep learning-based recognition of stained tongue coating images </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">June 2024</p> <p class="article-authors"> Liqin Zhong | Guojiang Xin | Qinghua Peng | Ji Cui | Lei Zhu | Hao Liang</p> <p class="article-abstract">To build a dataset encompassing a large number of stained tongue coating images and process it using deep learning to automatically recognize stained tongue coating images....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772200074X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Data-driven based four examinations in TCM: a survey </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2022</p> <p class="article-authors"> Dong SUI | Lei ZHANG | Fei YANG</p> <p class="article-abstract">Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis is a unique disease diagnosis method with thousands of years of TCM theory and effective experience. Its thinking mode in the process is different from that...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377721000501" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Effects of Fuke Qianjin Formula on hormones and their receptors and metabonomics study in uterine fibroids model rats </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2021</p> <p class="article-authors"> Li Yamei | Tang Jie | Luo Hongshan | Xia Bohou | Lin Limei | Liao Duanfang</p> <p class="article-abstract">To investigate the effects of different fractions from Fuke Qianjin Formula (妇科千金方, FKQJF) on uterine leiomyoma (UL) to determine the best fraction....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="col-12 col-xl-3"> <div class="d-grid gap-3 mb-3 journalCTAs"> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/dcmed/Default.aspx" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> Submit your paper </a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/digital-chinese-medicine" class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> View articles </a> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"> <li class="list-group-item"> <a class="action-link text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/guide-for-authors/" > <i class="bi bi-chevron-right"></i>Guide for Authors </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <a class="action-link text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/abstracting-and-indexing/" > <i class="bi bi-chevron-right"></i>Abstracting and Indexing </a> </li> </ul> <div class="d-grid gap-3 mb-3"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/recent-articles/" > Recent Articles </a> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-downloaded-articles/" > Most Downloaded Articles </a> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-cited-articles/" > Most Cited Articles </a> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/news/" > News </a> </div> <div class="panelled-container"> <div class="panel"> <div id="umbraco_form_def4c6c89a9e44038daddb19fca065ba" class="umbraco-forms-form stayinformed umbraco-forms-floating"> <form action="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-downloaded-articles" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="formd816713962c541e8827a41ea9aaa5a3c" method="post"><input data-val="true" data-val-required="The FormId field is required." name="FormId" type="hidden" value="def4c6c8-9a9e-4403-8dad-db19fca065ba" /><input data-val="true" data-val-required="The FormName field is required." name="FormName" type="hidden" value="#Stay informed" /><input data-val="true" data-val-required="The RecordId field is required." name="RecordId" type="hidden" value="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000" /><input name="PreviousClicked" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="Theme" type="hidden" value="floating" /><input name="RedirectToPageId" type="hidden" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="FormStep" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="RecordState" value="Q2ZESjhNR3lGTjZ3S1NSSGk0dTNyaDB0Q2FPWG9obG5lakJ5UDNndXVFOVY3Wi1yd0lBclNQVExHeEJuNU5WdEJDWUluTHRaa19oS2JsU3ZubGlOZThHT2JNbW9MVnR4ckxFc3k1akR3RWhpN0JOX2ZWY0VlR3NMY0ltdzNtX25DV0w1UHc=" /> <div id="7c4e12e0-e26b-4af2-a312-6649ca7b5e4c"> <fieldset id="d83df139-0d23-4e0d-a2f3-df7411256907"> <div class=" umbraco-forms-field intro titleanddescription" > <div id="9323e01d-3126-4ab8-bbe1-6237a21abfda" data-umb="9323e01d-3126-4ab8-bbe1-6237a21abfda"> <h2>Stay Informed</h2> <p>Register your interest and receive email alerts tailored to your needs. Sign up below.</p> </div> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="9323e01d-3126-4ab8-bbe1-6237a21abfda" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field firstname shortanswer mandatory alternating" > <input type="text" name="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" id="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" data-umb="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" class="form-control text" value="" maxlength="255" placeholder="First name" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please enter your first name" aria-required="true" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> First name <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field surname shortanswer mandatory" > <input type="text" name="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" id="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" data-umb="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" class="form-control text" value="" maxlength="255" placeholder="Surname" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please enter your surname" aria-required="true" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> Surname <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field emailaddress shortanswer mandatory alternating" > <input type="text" name="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" id="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" data-umb="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" class="form-control text" value="" maxlength="255" placeholder="Email address" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please enter your email address" aria-required="true" data-val-regex="Please enter a valid email address" data-val-regex-pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> Email address <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field subjectarea dropdown mandatory" > <select class="form-control" name="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" id="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" data-umb="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please select a subject area" aria-required="true" > <option value=""></option> <option value="Engineering and Technology" >Engineering and Technology</option> <option value="Health and Medical Sciences" >Health and Medical Sciences</option> <option value="Life Sciences" >Life Sciences</option> <option value="Multidisciplinary" >Multidisciplinary</option> <option value="Physical Sciences" >Physical Sciences</option> <option value="Proceedings" >Proceedings</option> <option value="Social Sciences" >Social Sciences</option> </select> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> Subject area <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field contenttypealias hidden alternating" > <input type="hidden" name="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" id="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" data-umb="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" class="hidden" value="bespokePod"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field journal hidden" > <input type="hidden" name="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" id="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" data-umb="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" class="hidden" value="Most Downloaded Articles"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field conference hidden alternating" > <input type="hidden" name="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" id="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" data-umb="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" class="hidden" value="Most Downloaded Articles"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field registerurl hidden" > <input type="hidden" name="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" id="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" data-umb="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" class="hidden" value="https://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-downloaded-articles"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-check mb-3 umbraco-forms-field keaimarketing checkbox alternating" > <input type="checkbox" name="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" id="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" value="true" data-umb="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" class="form-check-input" /> <input type="hidden" name="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" value="false" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" class="form-check-label umbraco-forms-label"> KeAi may contact you to share the latest updates about products, services, promotions, and events. If you do not wish to receive such messages, please check this box. </label> </div> </fieldset> </div> <div style="display: none" aria-hidden="true"> <input type="text" name="def4c6c89a9e44038daddb19fca065ba" /> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Submit" name="submitbtn" /> </div> <script type="module" src="/assets/stayinformed-CI1LYLhS.js"></script> <input name="__RequestVerificationToken" type="hidden" value="CfDJ8MGyFN6wKSRHi4u3rh0tCaONp1-6gasILM1UqSC2ssgZMrLMPgLQrRaJArXYEC9LCQ2bk3U56amea0FnHvuL5ZKmz2NZrZE1EcUFHxRJzHo5ovviQcQyWlxHl19JgezE-bF3KtisTtkyC_nwC69ua7A" /><input name="ufprt" type="hidden" value="CfDJ8MGyFN6wKSRHi4u3rh0tCaNveyukzal-La6sotUytKYgmBCbHC71oZFkKkWdDn_qM-RTIzroSIV9n59BJRSRI_kVv6pzqfDQbWvPk_kuI9PuyhLHWrIxFOd7_9LUl5Kkbmhj2bM6SYEcoCC0XtPQp0Y" /></form> </div> <div class="umbraco-forms-form-config umbraco-forms-hidden" data-id="def4c6c89a9e44038daddb19fca065ba" data-serialized-page-button-conditions="{}" data-serialized-fieldset-conditions="{}" data-serialized-field-conditions="{}" data-serialized-fields-not-displayed="{}" data-trigger-conditions-check-on="change" data-form-element-html-id-prefix="" data-disable-validation-dependency-check="false" data-serialized-validation-rules="[]"></div> <script defer="defer" src="/App_Plugins/UmbracoForms/Assets/themes/default/umbracoforms.min.js?v=13.5.0" type="application/javascript"></script> <link href="/App_Plugins/UmbracoForms/Assets/defaultform.min.css?v=13.5.0" rel="stylesheet" /> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3 px-4"> <p class="small" > Production and hosting by Elsevier on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid bg-teal-light"> <div class="row"> <div class="col pt-2"></div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer"> <section class="section"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <p class="h3">Stay up to date</p> <p> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/keaipublishing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Twitter"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/twitter.png" alt="Twitter" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/keaipublishing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Facebook"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/facebook.png" alt="Facebook" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/5358606" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on LinkedIn"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/linkedin.png" alt="LinkedIn" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmm0RaPar5mR4Jkcd0E5Kcw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on YouTube"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/youtube.png" alt="YouTube" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/W6Rp5-rEJ8bR2PnoN9HQsQ?" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on WeChat"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/wechat.png" alt="WeChat" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://passport.weibo.com/visitor/visitor?entry=miniblog&a=enter&url=https%3A%2F%2Fweibo.com%2F5625383189%2Fabout&domain=.weibo.com&sudaref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keaipublishing.com%2F&ua=php-sso_sdk_client-0.6.36&_rand=1634554068.3296" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Weibo"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/weibo.png" alt="Weibo" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://space.bilibili.com/28843972?spm_id_from=333.788.b_765f7570696e666f.2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Bilibili"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/bilibili.png" alt="Bilibili" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion accordion-flush mb-lg-5" id="accordionFooter"> <div class="row my-3"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading13102"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse13102" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse13102" > KeAi </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse13102" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading13102" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/about-us/" > About us </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/mission-and-objectives/" > Mission and objectives </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/management-and-governance/" > Management and governance </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/publishing-team/" > Publishing team </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/careers/" > Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/contact/" > Contact </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading1178"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse1178" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse1178" > All Journals </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse1178" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading1178" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/journals/" > Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=16778" > Engineering and Technology </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=16947" > Health and Medical Sciences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=17094" > Life Sciences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=19678" > Multidisciplinary </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=16870" > Physical Sciences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=17727" > Social Sciences </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading9983"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse9983" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse9983" > Publishing guide </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse9983" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading9983" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/for-authors/" > For authors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/benefits-of-publishing-with-keai/" > Author benefits </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/publishing-process/" > Publishing process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/reviewers/" > Peer review process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/publishing-ethics-authors/" > Publishing ethics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/training-and-workshops-authors-and-reviewers/" > Training and workshops </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/author-services/" > Author services </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/sciencedirect/" > ScienceDirect </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading9994"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse9994" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse9994" > Editorial information </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse9994" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading9994" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/editors/" > For editors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/publishing-roles/" > Publishing roles </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/finding-reviewers/" > Finding reviewers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/online-submission-system-editors/" > Online submission system </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/publishing-ethics-editors/" > Publishing ethics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/sciencedirect/" > ScienceDirect </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/editorial-policies/" > Editorial policies </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading12031"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse12031" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse12031" > Reviewer information </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse12031" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading12031" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/for-reviewers/" > For reviewers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-reviewers/publishing-process/" > Publishing process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-reviewers/reviewers/" > Peer review process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-reviewers/training-and-workshops-authors-and-reviewers/" > Training and workshops </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading9058"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse9058" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse9058" > All events </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse9058" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading9058" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/events/" > Events </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events/conferences/" > Conferences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events/webinars/" > Webinars </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a href="/en/news/" class="footer-item-single" > News </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row row-cols-3 row-cols-md-4 row-cols-lg-4 row-cols-xl-auto align-items-center justify-content-lg-between"> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/aqwnqnww/stm-member-2024_white.jpg?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1da8e24ce5e3be0" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/aqwnqnww/stm-member-2024_white.jpg?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1da8e24ce5e3be0" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/aqwnqnww/stm-member-2024_white.jpg?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1da8e24ce5e3be0" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/aqwnqnww/stm-member-2024_white.jpg?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1da8e24ce5e3be0" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1d7baa92c084da0" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1d7baa92c084da0" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1d7baa92c084da0" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1d7baa92c084da0" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section bg-teal-dark"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-auto order-lg-2 align-self-lg-end"> <p class="small text-white mb-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/legal/privacy-policy" class="text-white no-wrap" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Privacy policy </a> <span class="footer-legal-divider">|</span> <a href="#cookiePreferencesModal" class="text-white no-wrap" > Cookie preferences </a> <span class="footer-legal-divider">|</span> <a href="/en/sitemap/" class="text-white no-wrap" > Sitemap </a> <span class="footer-legal-divider">|</span> <a href="https://www.intuitiv.net" class="text-white no-wrap" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Umbraco Web Design </a> </p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-auto order-lg-1 me-lg-auto"> <a href="/en/"> <img src="/media/0rvnvbvj/keai-logo-footer.png" alt="" class="mt-3 mt-lg-0 lazyload" /> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 order-lg-3"> <p class="small text-white mt-4 mt-lg-5" > Copyright © 2025 KeAi, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. </p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </footer> <style> .form-check-label { padding-right: 5px; } </style> <div class="modal fade" id="modalCookies" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cookiePrefModalLabel" aria-describedby="cookiePrefModalDesc" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div id="cookieNotice"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3 class="modal-title text-primary">Cookie notice</h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>We use cookies to analyse and improve our service, to improve and personalise content, advertising and your digital experience. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer justify-content-md-between"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-light w-100 w-md-auto m-0 mb-3 mb-md-0" id="cookie-preferences-more">More options</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary w-100 w-md-auto m-0 cookie-preferences-accept">I’m fine with this</button> </div> </div> <div id="cookiePreferences"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3 class="modal-title text-primary" id="cookiePrefModalLabel">Your cookie preferences</h3> </div> <div class="container py-4 border-bottom"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12" id="cookiePrefModalDesc"> <p class="para">We use cookies and similar technologies on our website. Cookies are text files containing small amounts of information, which your computer or mobile device downloads when you visit a website. When you return to websites, or visit websites that use the same cookies, they recognise these cookies and therefore your browsing device.</p> <p class="para">We use different types of cookies for different things, such as:</p> <ul class="list"> <li>Analysing how you use our website</li> <li>Giving you a better, more personalised experience</li> <li>Recognising when you’ve sign in</li> </ul> <p class="para">We split our cookies into three distinct categories. You can turn Functional and Performance cookies on and off right here. Strictly necessary cookies can’t be turned off.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Strictly necessary cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Strictlynecessary"> Always on </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Strictlynecessary" checked="checked" disabled > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Performance cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Performance"> On </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Performance" checked="checked" > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Functional cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Functional"> On </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Functional" checked="checked" > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Targeting cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Targeting"> On </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Targeting" checked="checked" > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies are set by a range of social media services that we have added to the site to enable you to share our content with your friends and networks. They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer justify-content-md-between preferences-button-container"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-light w-100 w-md-auto m-0 mb-3 mb-md-0 cookie-preferences-save">Save preferences</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary w-100 w-md-auto m-0 ms-md-0 cookie-preferences-accept">Accept all</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>; } <script type="module" src="/assets/runtime-DGMbOROx.js"></script> <script type="module" src="/assets/vendors-aXlIPE7K.js"></script> <script type="module" src="/assets/site-8fMnEChn.js"></script><script type="module" src="/assets/site-CqSKGWXv.js"></script> </body> </html>