Most Downloaded Articles

ISSN: 2589-3777

CN: 43-1540/R

p-ISSN: 2096-479X

Recommended Medicinal Plants as Source of Natural Products: A Review

June 2018

Natural product is one of the sources of drugs in pharmaceutical industry, and one of the notable origin of natural product is the medicinal plants. Medicinal plants tend to cure some certain diseases...

Herbal remedies for Alzheimer’s disease: neuroprotective mechanisms and cognitive enhancement potential

June 2025

Dharmalingam Kirubakaran

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Current drugs offer limited benefits and often cause side effects. Recently,...

Medicinal properties and anti-inflammatory components of Phytolacca (Shanglu)

October 2021

Christian Bailly

(Shanglu) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years in China. Phytolacca is also used worldwide in different traditional phyto-medicines and homeopathic preparations....

Quantum theory-based physical model of the human body in TCM

December 2022

Shuna SONG | Zhensu SHE

In the study, a quantum resonant cavity model based on wave-particle duality was proposed for the explanation of the dynamic processes of essence, vigor, and spirit in the human body in traditional...

Correlation Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Tongue Manifestations: A Meta-analysis

June 2018

Objective To analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the manifestations of the tongue....

Research status and prospect of tongue image diagnosis analysis based on machine learning

March 2024

X.U. Jiatuo | J.I.A.N.G. Tao | L.I.U. Shi

Image-based intelligent diagnosis represents a trending research direction in the field of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In recent years, machine learning techniques, including...

TCMLLM-PR: evaluation of large language models for prescription recommendation in traditional Chinese medicine

December 2024

To develop and evaluate a fine-tuned large language model (LLM) for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription recommendation named TCMLLM-PR....

From digits towards digitization: the past, present, and future of traditional Chinese medicine

March 2025

Qi Wang

Digitization is the inevitable path for the natural development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The goal of TCM digitization is to generate...

Advances and prospects of the integration of multi-omics and artificial intelligence in traditional Chinese medicine research

September 2025

L.I.U. Guicheng | L.O.N.G. Xi | P.E.N.G. Qinghua | T.I.A.N. Sainan | H.U. Shujuan

To map the research hotspots, developmental trends, and existing challenges in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with multi-omics in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) through comprehensive...

A new interpretation of TCM pulse diagnosis based on quantum physical model of the human body

December 2022

Shuna SONG | Zhensu SHE

Following the quantum theory-based physical model of the human body, a new interpretation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “Cunkou reads viscera” is presented. Then, a Gaussian...

Harnessing traditional herbal medicine: molecular insights into diabetic wound healing for modern therapeutics

December 2024

Pavithra Bharathy | Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam

This study aims to explore the molecular aspects of the wound-healing potential of medicinal plants through preclinical and clinical research. This review focuses on the theoretical support and therapeutic...

Artificial intelligence meets traditional Chinese medicine: a bridge to opening the magic box of sphygmopalpation for pulse pattern recognition

March 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to mimic human cognitive functions and execute intellectual activities like that performed by humans dealing with an uncertain environment. The rapid development...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725001417" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Quantitative research on tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine for obstructive coronary artery disease: a computational analysis based on multimodal feature fusion </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Yanyun ZHANG | Dongsheng WEI | Yue ZHANG | Yanshu LIU | Zhe ZHANG</p> <p class="article-abstract">To investigate morphological differences between obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients using computer-aided image analysis, and identify color and texture features for...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725000977" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Phenomics of traditional Chinese medicine 2.0: the integration with digital medicine </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">September 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> X.U. Min | S.H.A.O. Xinyi | G.U.O. Donggeng | Y.A.N. Xiaojing | W.A.N.G. Lei | Y.A.N.G. Tao | L.I.A.N.G. Hao | P.E.N.G. Qinghua | YE Lingyu Linda | C.H.E.N.G. Haibo | DUAN Dayue Darrel</p> <p class="article-abstract">Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000490" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Tongue image segmentation and tongue color classification based on deep learning </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">September 2022</p> <p class="article-authors"> L.I.U. Wei | C.H.E.N. Jinming | L.I.U. Bo | H.U. Wei | W.U. Xingjin | Z.H.O.U. Hui</p> <p class="article-abstract">To propose two novel methods based on deep learning for computer-aided tongue diagnosis, including tongue image segmentation and tongue color classification, improving their diagnostic accuracy....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377720300501" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Mathematical Analysis of the Meridian System in Traditional Chinese Medicine </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">September 2020</p> <p class="article-authors"> Wan Xiao-Hai</p> <p class="article-abstract">Energy expenditure of the meridian system in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for living human bodies is one of the fundamental questions regarding the physical properties of the meridian system....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772100046X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Systematic review of robust experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis for basic research </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2021</p> <p class="article-authors"> Lin Ye | Hu Mingyue | Zhang Feng | Dai Zongshun | Xie Ying | Cai Xiong | Liu Liang</p> <p class="article-abstract">Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and destruction, deformity, loss of mobility, and permanent disability. Although the cellular...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377724000090" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Efficacy and safety of Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository plus diosmin for the treatment of hemorrhoid hemorrhage: a multicenter, randomized, and controlled trial </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2023</p> <p class="article-authors"> Rong Xinqi | Wu Mingsheng | Xin Xuezhi | Zhang Bo | Liu Dianwen | Xiao Huirong | Wang Zhenyi | Cui Junhui | Wang Jianping | Wang Zhongcheng | Fan Xiaohua | Hu Ying | Rong Yisheng | Li Ying</p> <p class="article-abstract">To compare the efficacy and safety of combining diosmin with Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository versus diosmin alone for the treatment of hemorrhoid hemorrhage....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725000217" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Artificial intelligence in personalized cardiology treatment </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">March 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Abbas Mohammadi | Sheida Shokohyar</p> <p class="article-abstract">Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, requiring innovative approaches for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Personalized medicine customizes interventions according to individual...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725001508" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Traditional Chinese medicine-based phytotherapeutics for junk food-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Kirubakaran Dharmalingam | Nagaraj Durga | Poongavanam Senthamil Selvi | Murugan Pachaiyappan | Sethuraman Veeran</p> <p class="article-abstract">Obesity driven by high-sugar and high-fat dietary patterns has become a major global health challenge and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Growing...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377724000594" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > The gas discharge visualization (GDV) order parameter model based on the principle of mastering both permanence and change </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">September 2024</p> <p class="article-authors"> Yu Xin | Lei Zhang | Qiancheng Zhao | Yurong She | Zhensu She | Shuna Song</p> <p class="article-abstract">To investigate the human body’s complex system, and classify and characterize the human body’s health states with “a comprehensive integrated method from qualitative to quantitative”....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725000746" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Clinical research report on Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions (2023) </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">June 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Xiaolei Wu | Haiyin Hu | Yuetong Wang | Alice Josephine Fauci | Yazi Zhang | Wenting Song | Fengwen Yang | Boli Zhang | Junhua Zhang | Zhaochen Ji</p> <p class="article-abstract">Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were systematically reviewed from both Chinese and English journals published in...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725001004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Traditional Chinese medicine in lupus nephritis: mechanistic insights and integrative therapeutic strategies </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">September 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Elizabethrani Edwin | Karthikeyan Elumalai | Nandhini Jayaprakash</p> <p class="article-abstract">To review and synthesize preclinical and clinical evidence regarding traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations and bioactive herbal compounds in lupus nephritis (LN), and to identify direction...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772500151X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > The study of traditional Chinese medicine five-element music therapy for depression: a bibliometric analysis </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">December 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Hui XIAO | Cong CHEN</p> <p class="article-abstract">To systematically analyze the research status, highlights, and advancements of five-element music therapy (FEMT) in intervening depression with bibliometric methods....</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="article-listing" > <h2 class="h5 article-title"> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377725000990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Reviving classical Bawl (urine) diagnostics in Unani medicine via artificial intelligence and digital tools: toward integrative informatics for traditional systems </a> </h2> <p class="article-date">September 2025</p> <p class="article-authors"> Farooqui Shazia Parveen | Khaleel Ahmed | Athar Parvez Ansari | Ahmed Kazi Kabiruddin | Noor Zaheer Ahmed | Shaheen Akhlaq | Sendhilkumar Selvaradjou</p> <p class="article-abstract">In Unani medicine, Bawl (urine) is recognized as a key diagnostic tool, with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color, consistency, sediment, clarity, froth, odor, and volume. This conceptual...</p> </div> <div class="d-sm-flex align-items-sm-center justify-content-sm-between justify-content-md-start"> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="col-12 col-xl-3"> <div class="d-grid gap-3 mb-3 journalCTAs"> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/dcmed/Default.aspx" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> Submit your paper </a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/digital-chinese-medicine" class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> View articles </a> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"> <li class="list-group-item"> <a class="action-link text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/guide-for-authors/" > <i class="bi bi-chevron-right"></i>Guide for Authors </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <a class="action-link text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/abstracting-and-indexing/" > <i class="bi bi-chevron-right"></i>Abstracting and Indexing </a> </li> </ul> <div class="d-grid gap-3 mb-3"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/recent-articles/" > Recent Articles </a> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-downloaded-articles/" > Most Downloaded Articles </a> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-cited-articles/" > Most Cited Articles </a> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-lg text-wrap" href="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/news/" > News </a> </div> <div class="panelled-container"> <div class="panel"> <div id="umbraco_form_def4c6c89a9e44038daddb19fca065ba" class="umbraco-forms-form stayinformed umbraco-forms-floating"> <form action="/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-downloaded-articles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="form331509ca6f0b40ee8d88d51333a21eea" method="post"><input data-val="true" data-val-required="The FormId field is required." name="FormId" type="hidden" value="def4c6c8-9a9e-4403-8dad-db19fca065ba" /><input data-val="true" data-val-required="The FormName field is required." name="FormName" type="hidden" value="#Stay informed" /><input data-val="true" data-val-required="The RecordId field is required." name="RecordId" type="hidden" value="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000" /><input name="PreviousClicked" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="Theme" type="hidden" value="floating" /><input name="RedirectToPageId" type="hidden" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="FormStep" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="RecordState" value="Q2ZESjhFa3BveFdJUlZ0Q2o4NjJqeUlHdFAtM2RxMklJUXJ5b0Nvb1N6N09GSkRlREMwVGhHZmI3S29sMEZBdVprUl8zNFo2VzE5WFdPQm92QmR2bGNDRmZRczNTbWV6LXQzLXZ2eXUyenhPTmQ2TFFPNm5BbFdsdWlGa1NRZEVPR0NlWnc=" /> <div id="7c4e12e0-e26b-4af2-a312-6649ca7b5e4c"> <fieldset id="d83df139-0d23-4e0d-a2f3-df7411256907"> <div class=" umbraco-forms-field intro titleanddescription" > <div id="9323e01d-3126-4ab8-bbe1-6237a21abfda" data-umb="9323e01d-3126-4ab8-bbe1-6237a21abfda"> <h2>Stay Informed</h2> <p>Register your interest and receive email alerts tailored to your needs. Sign up below.</p> </div> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="9323e01d-3126-4ab8-bbe1-6237a21abfda" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field firstname shortanswer mandatory alternating" > <input type="text" name="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" id="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" data-umb="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" class="form-control text" value="" maxlength="255" placeholder="First name" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please enter your first name" aria-required="true" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="d66995e0-eca9-4f19-df28-7a7f10ff5704" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> First name <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field surname shortanswer mandatory" > <input type="text" name="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" id="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" data-umb="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" class="form-control text" value="" maxlength="255" placeholder="Surname" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please enter your surname" aria-required="true" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="253451af-6252-42e9-9af4-26d45f291c17" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> Surname <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field emailaddress shortanswer mandatory alternating" > <input type="text" name="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" id="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" data-umb="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" class="form-control text" value="" maxlength="255" placeholder="Email address" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please enter your email address" aria-required="true" data-val-regex="Please enter a valid email address" data-val-regex-pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="050b60dc-f8e6-423e-d8ff-4936ca8191ca" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> Email address <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field subjectarea dropdown mandatory" > <select class="form-control" name="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" id="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" data-umb="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" data-val="true" data-val-required="Please select a subject area" aria-required="true" > <option value=""></option> <option value="Engineering and Technology" >Engineering and Technology</option> <option value="Health and Medical Sciences" >Health and Medical Sciences</option> <option value="Life Sciences" >Life Sciences</option> <option value="Multidisciplinary" >Multidisciplinary</option> <option value="Physical Sciences" >Physical Sciences</option> <option value="Proceedings" >Proceedings</option> <option value="Social Sciences" >Social Sciences</option> </select> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="1b018af7-7235-4814-f443-ef90a7ca4d04" class=" umbraco-forms-label"> Subject area <span class="umbracoForms-Indicator">*</span> </label> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field contenttypealias hidden alternating" > <input type="hidden" name="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" id="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" data-umb="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" class="hidden" value="bespokePod"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="f534c15a-c2e6-4c93-d326-4bbfd07348c9" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field journal hidden" > <input type="hidden" name="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" id="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" data-umb="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" class="hidden" value="Most Downloaded Articles"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="5f81e8b9-ced0-4306-dc88-f6e7d6aa6d84" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field conference hidden alternating" > <input type="hidden" name="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" id="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" data-umb="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" class="hidden" value="Most Downloaded Articles"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="9c4e1fc3-9ad6-4e43-e85c-7841aaef2e44" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 umbraco-forms-field registerurl hidden" > <input type="hidden" name="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" id="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" data-umb="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" class="hidden" value="https://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/digital-chinese-medicine/most-downloaded-articles/"/> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="adf07987-b06e-428f-a601-10845a8c3fda" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-check mb-3 umbraco-forms-field keaimarketing checkbox alternating" > <input type="checkbox" name="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" id="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" value="true" data-umb="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" class="form-check-input" /> <input type="hidden" name="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" value="false" /> <span class="text-danger field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <label for="7a5593b6-2e0f-48e0-daa4-89cd3abc70f6" class="form-check-label umbraco-forms-label"> KeAi may contact you to share the latest updates about products, services, promotions, and events. If you do not wish to receive such messages, please check this box. </label> </div> </fieldset> </div> <div style="display: none" aria-hidden="true"> <input type="text" name="def4c6c89a9e44038daddb19fca065ba" /> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Submit" name="submitbtn" /> </div> <script type="module" src="/assets/stayinformed-CI1LYLhS.js"></script> <input name="__RequestVerificationToken" type="hidden" value="CfDJ8EkpoxWIRVtCj862jyIGtP-7w1NtekLkjcYfDJtNv4oiRJDQSgaBn4OJpqBG9JHSPlvzkMUvQ_JbLV3wM9GjhxCN2K3flamzQTF-PXiF4NonOAEBV7E_Mhct94RfzsYzvlA2ySOaTuwjDMOuFrZGguI" /><input name="ufprt" type="hidden" value="CfDJ8EkpoxWIRVtCj862jyIGtP9PmW2I6l7QXz2-95OeSci5tSHXn9PMz1lbVk7SyBE97O3SkZsLoC3eiMp2t0u__HSKbVo_AiRQVY6THzlNZgW7W8JyRWvbkKfL3mwLxLAoQlR5LVnCaNl2eTv5qQ6wIJk" /></form> </div> <div class="umbraco-forms-form-config umbraco-forms-hidden" data-id="def4c6c89a9e44038daddb19fca065ba" data-serialized-page-button-conditions="{}" data-serialized-fieldset-conditions="{}" data-serialized-field-conditions="{}" data-serialized-fields-not-displayed="{}" data-trigger-conditions-check-on="change" data-form-element-html-id-prefix="" data-disable-validation-dependency-check="false" data-serialized-validation-rules="[]"></div> <script defer="defer" src="/App_Plugins/UmbracoForms/Assets/themes/default/umbracoforms.min.js?v=13.5.0" type="application/javascript"></script> <link href="/App_Plugins/UmbracoForms/Assets/defaultform.min.css?v=13.5.0" rel="stylesheet" /> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3 px-4"> <p class="small" > Production and hosting by Elsevier on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid bg-teal-light"> <div class="row"> <div class="col pt-2"></div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer"> <section class="section"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <p class="h3">Stay up to date</p> <p> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/keaipublishing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Twitter"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/twitter.png" alt="Twitter" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/keaipublishing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Facebook"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/facebook.png" alt="Facebook" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/5358606" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on LinkedIn"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/linkedin.png" alt="LinkedIn" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmm0RaPar5mR4Jkcd0E5Kcw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on YouTube"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/youtube.png" alt="YouTube" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/W6Rp5-rEJ8bR2PnoN9HQsQ?" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on WeChat"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/wechat.png" alt="WeChat" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://passport.weibo.com/visitor/visitor?entry=miniblog&a=enter&url=https%3A%2F%2Fweibo.com%2F5625383189%2Fabout&domain=.weibo.com&sudaref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keaipublishing.com%2F&ua=php-sso_sdk_client-0.6.36&_rand=1634554068.3296" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Weibo"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/weibo.png" alt="Weibo" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> <a href="https://space.bilibili.com/28843972?spm_id_from=333.788.b_765f7570696e666f.2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="Follow us on Bilibili"> <img src="" data-src="/images/icons/bilibili.png" alt="Bilibili" class="me-1 mb-2 lazyload" /> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion accordion-flush mb-lg-5" id="accordionFooter"> <div class="row my-3"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading13102"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse13102" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse13102" > KeAi </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse13102" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading13102" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/about-us/" > About us </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/mission-and-objectives/" > Mission and objectives </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/management/" > Management and governance </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/publishing-team/" > Publishing team </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/careers/" > Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/contact/" > Contact </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading1178"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse1178" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse1178" > All Journals </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse1178" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading1178" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/journals/" > Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=16778" > Engineering and Technology </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=16947" > Health and Medical Sciences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=17094" > Life Sciences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=19678" > Multidisciplinary </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=16870" > Physical Sciences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/journals/?id=17727" > Social Sciences </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading9983"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse9983" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse9983" > Publishing guide </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse9983" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading9983" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/for-authors/" > For authors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/benefits-of-publishing-with-keai/" > Author benefits </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/publishing-process/" > Publishing process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/reviewers/" > Peer review process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/publishing-ethics-authors/" > Publishing ethics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/training-and-workshops-authors-and-reviewers/" > Training and workshops </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/author-services/" > Author services </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-authors/sciencedirect/" > ScienceDirect </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading9994"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse9994" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse9994" > Editorial information </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse9994" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading9994" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/editors/" > For editors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/publishing-roles/" > Publishing roles </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/finding-reviewers/" > Finding reviewers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/online-submission-system-editors/" > Online submission system </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/publishing-ethics-editors/" > Publishing ethics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/sciencedirect/" > ScienceDirect </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/editors/editorial-policies/" > Editorial policies </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading12031"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse12031" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse12031" > Reviewer information </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse12031" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading12031" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/for-reviewers/" > For reviewers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-reviewers/publishing-process/" > Publishing process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-reviewers/reviewers/" > Peer review process </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-reviewers/training-and-workshops-authors-and-reviewers/" > Training and workshops </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <div class="accordion-item"> <h2 class="accordion-header d-lg-none" id="accFooterHeading9058"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accFooterCollapse9058" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="accFooterCollapse9058" > All events </button> </h2> <div id="accFooterCollapse9058" class="accordion-collapse collapse collapse-show-lg" aria-labelledby="accFooterHeading9058" data-bs-parent="#accordionFooter"> <div class="accordion-body no-wrap"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a class="footer-item-heading" href="/en/events/" > Events </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events/conferences/" > Conferences </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events/webinars/" > Webinars </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 col-xl"> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-list"> <li> <a href="/en/news/" class="footer-item-single" > News </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row row-cols-3 row-cols-md-4 row-cols-lg-4 row-cols-xl-auto align-items-center justify-content-lg-between"> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/5n3av3lw/keai_logo.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1d7abcd52198ad0" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/1bintzcc/stm-member-logo-2026_transparent.png?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1dc7ecc540c6980" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/1bintzcc/stm-member-logo-2026_transparent.png?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1dc7ecc540c6980" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/1bintzcc/stm-member-logo-2026_transparent.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1dc7ecc540c6980" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/1bintzcc/stm-member-logo-2026_transparent.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1dc7ecc540c6980" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1d7baa92c084da0" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1d7baa92c084da0" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1d7baa92c084da0" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/ut2cw5zh/alpsp-logo.jpg?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1d7baa92c084da0" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> <div class="col"> <picture> <source srcset="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=200&quality=80&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" media="xl" /> <source srcset="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=150&quality=80&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" media="md" /> <source srcset="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=80&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" /> <img src="" data-src="/media/fwhl10uz/keai-comms-cope-logo-rgb_副本.png?rmode=pad&width=100&quality=30&v=1d9eab7b9df3c70" alt="" class="img-fluid mb-3 lazyload me-3" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section bg-teal-dark"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-auto order-lg-2 align-self-lg-end"> <p class="small text-white mb-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/legal/privacy-policy" class="text-white no-wrap" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Privacy policy </a> <span class="footer-legal-divider">|</span> <a href="#cookiePreferencesModal" class="text-white no-wrap" > Cookie preferences </a> <span class="footer-legal-divider">|</span> <a href="/en/sitemap/" class="text-white no-wrap" > Sitemap </a> <span class="footer-legal-divider">|</span> <a href="https://www.intuitiv.net" class="text-white no-wrap" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" > Umbraco Web Design </a> </p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-auto order-lg-1 me-lg-auto"> <a href="/en/"> <img src="/media/0rvnvbvj/keai-logo-footer.png" alt="" class="mt-3 mt-lg-0 lazyload" /> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 order-lg-3"> <p class="small text-white mt-4 mt-lg-5" > Copyright © 2025 KeAi, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. </p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </footer> <style> .form-check-label { padding-right: 5px; } </style> <div class="modal fade" id="modalCookies" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cookiePrefModalLabel" aria-describedby="cookiePrefModalDesc" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div id="cookieNotice"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3 class="modal-title text-primary">Cookie notice</h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>We use cookies to analyse and improve our service, to improve and personalise content, advertising and your digital experience. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer justify-content-md-between"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-light w-100 w-md-auto m-0 mb-3 mb-md-0" id="cookie-preferences-more">More options</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary w-100 w-md-auto m-0 cookie-preferences-accept">I’m fine with this</button> </div> </div> <div id="cookiePreferences"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3 class="modal-title text-primary" id="cookiePrefModalLabel">Your cookie preferences</h3> </div> <div class="container py-4 border-bottom"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12" id="cookiePrefModalDesc"> <p class="para">We use cookies and similar technologies on our website. Cookies are text files containing small amounts of information, which your computer or mobile device downloads when you visit a website. When you return to websites, or visit websites that use the same cookies, they recognise these cookies and therefore your browsing device.</p> <p class="para">We use different types of cookies for different things, such as:</p> <ul class="list"> <li>Analysing how you use our website</li> <li>Giving you a better, more personalised experience</li> <li>Recognising when you’ve sign in</li> </ul> <p class="para">We split our cookies into three distinct categories. You can turn Functional and Performance cookies on and off right here. Strictly necessary cookies can’t be turned off.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Strictly necessary cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Strictlynecessary"> Always on </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Strictlynecessary" checked="checked" disabled > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Performance cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Performance"> On </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Performance" checked="checked" > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Functional cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Functional"> On </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Functional" checked="checked" > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8 preferences-col-1"> <h5 class="h4 text-primary">Targeting cookies</h5> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 text-lg-end preferences-col-2"> <div class="form-check-inline me-0"> <label class="form-check-label" for="chkCookiePreferences__Targeting"> On </label> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="chkCookiePreferences__Targeting" checked="checked" > </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>These cookies are set by a range of social media services that we have added to the site to enable you to share our content with your friends and networks. They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer justify-content-md-between preferences-button-container"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-light w-100 w-md-auto m-0 mb-3 mb-md-0 cookie-preferences-save">Save preferences</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary w-100 w-md-auto m-0 ms-md-0 cookie-preferences-accept">Accept all</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>; } <script type="module" src="/assets/runtime-DGMbOROx.js"></script> <script type="module" src="/assets/vendors-aXlIPE7K.js"></script> <script type="module" src="/assets/site-8fMnEChn.js"></script><script type="module" src="/assets/site-CqSKGWXv.js"></script> </body> </html>