Three-dimensional printing of energetic materials: A review
Available online 16 June 2022
Additive manufacturing technology or three-dimensional (3D) printing has been applied in many manufacture fields. The combination of 3D printing and conventional energetic material fields can create...
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Atomic force microscopy in energetic materials research: A review
Available online 16 June 2022
Modern trends in the development of energetic materials include the various methods of particle surface modification and the widespread use of nanosized powders. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a useful,...
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One-step synthesis of polynitropyridine-based thermostable and lowly sensitive energetic materials
Available online 10 June 2022
In this study, two energetic compounds based on a 3,5-dinitropyridine backbone linked by hydrazine and imine bridges were synthesized and fully characterized using elemental analysis, NMR (1H, 13C),...
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A hybrid of tetrazolium and pentazolate: An energetic salt with ultrahigh nitrogen content and energy
Available online 3 June 2022
As a full nitrogen energetic anion, pentazolate (cyclo-N5ˉ) holds great promise in the fields of propellants and explosives. Nowadays, nonmetallic pentazolate salts have received extensive attention...
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Impacts of defect distribution on the ignition of crystalline explosives: An insight from the overlapping effect
Available online 3 June 2022
Many challenges remain in our understanding of the role that heterogeneities play in determining material responses, especially under extreme conditions. In this study, four defect distribution patterns...
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Heat-induced solid-state polymorphic transition of 4,4′,5,5′- tetranitro-1H,1′H-[2,2′-biimidazole]-1,1′-diamine (DATNBI)
Available online 31 May 2022
Polymorphs of energetic materials generally exhibit distinct features, such as density, thermal stability, sensitivity, and detonation performance. These features are important in determining the appropriate...
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Sandwich-like interfacial structured polydopamine (PDA)/Wax/PDA: A novel design for simultaneously improving the safety and mechanical properties of highly explosive-filled polymer composites
Available online 21 May 2022
High melting point paraffin wax (HPW) is a novel desensitizer that has the potential to achieve low sensitivity of energetic crystals, such as 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). However,...
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An unusual reaction of 1,1-diamino-2-nitro-2-(1H-triazol-5-yl)ethene and hydrazine: The synthesis of a dihydrotetrazine bridged energetic compound
Available online 18 April 2022
The exploration of energetic derivatives of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) is a feasible strategy for attaining high-performance energetic materials. Of all the extant types of energetic derivatives,...
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Numerical simulations of trajectories of shock wave triple points in near-ground explosions of TNT charges
Available online 6 April 2022
To accurately predict the locations and trajectories of shock wave triple points in near-ground explosions, this study determined the propagation law of shock waves after the initiation of a detonator...
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Decreasing the hygroscopicity of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) through cocrystallization
Available online 5 April 2022
To decrease the hygroscopicity of ADN—a new energetic oxidizer, this study developed a new cocrystal composed of ADN and 18C6 (18-crown-6) at a 1:1 M ratio through cocrystallization using the solvent...
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Development of an infrared laser absorption sensor for non-intrusive gas temperature measurements
March 2022
Energetic materials have extremely high volumetric and specific energy densities, making them attractive and important in combustion systems. To improve their combustion performance, reliable temperature...
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A heat-resistant and insensitive energetic material based on the pyrazolo-triazine framework
March 2022
One of the major challenges in the field of energetic materials is to develop explosive molecules with high detonation performances and low mechanical sensitivity. In this work, a heat-resistant and...
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Computational assessment of nitrogen-enriched, stable and insensitive tris(1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)amine building block for energetic applications
March 2022
In this work, we report an approach for designing a series of energetic compounds derived from nitrogen-rich tris(1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)amine backbone. Based on available synthetic method, nitrogen...
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Chemical interplay between components in overall thermolysis of CL-20/N2O revealed by ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations
March 2022
Understanding of the interplay reactions between components in CL-20 bicomponent crystals is fundamental for synthesis and applications of new CL-20 cocrystals and host-guest materials. This paper reports...
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An ultrafast temperature response analysis of a MEMS-based igniter using the finite-element method
March 2022
This study reports the simulation and experiments of a MEMS-based igniter for a semiconductor bridge (SCB), which is fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The finite-element...
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Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of 2-oxo-5-nitro-3-(5-nitroimino-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-pyrazine
March 2022
A novel and green energetic compound, 2-oxo-5-nitro-3-(5-nitroimino-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-pyrazine, was designed and prepared in this study. It was identified and characterized using X-ray single-crystal...
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Trigger linkage mechanism: Two or multiple steps initiate the spontaneous decay of energetic materials
March 2022
The trigger linkage mechanism is usually employed to describe the spontaneous decay of energetic materials (EMs) when they are sufficiently stimulated. Based on this mechanism, large numbers of correlations...
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Cover Story
March 2022
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High-quality and homogeneous HMX-based aluminized explosives using droplet microfluidic technology
Available online 31 March 2022
The aggregation of nano-aluminum powder seriously hinders the energy release of aluminized explosives. This study developed a strategy of using the droplet microfluidic technology to prepare HMX/15 wt%...
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Thermal interactions between hybrid HMX/ANPyO cocrystals and commonly used propellant ingredients
Available online 18 March 2022
Nitramine-based composite propellants (N-CPs) are receiving significant attention in the field of solid rocket propulsion. Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)/2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide...
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Catalytic properties of CuO–Cr2O3–PbO ternary nanocomposites favorable for the pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate
Available online 8 March 2022
In this study, CuO–Cr2O3–PbO ternary nanocomposites (TNCs) with different atomic ratios of Cu:Cr:Pb (5:2:8, 5:4:6, 5:6:4, 5:8:2) were synthesized by means of efficient mechanical milling. As confirmed...
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Potential energetic salts of 5,5′-methylenedi(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,4-diamine) cation: Synthesis, characterization and detonation performance
Available online 29 January 2022
1,2,3-Triazole and 1,2,4-triazole have been vigorously used in energetic materials research. Among these two, 1,2,4-triazole has been a widely used backbone in designing new energetic materials with...
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Outfield overpressure characteristics and flame behavior of fuel vapor explosion in tubes with one weakly covered end
December 2021
An experiment system of tubes with one weakly covered end was established, and the outfield characteristics of fuel vapor explosions were studied through experiments. The results are as follows. After...
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Evaporating characteristics of diesel sprays under split-injection condition with a negative dwell time
December 2021
This paper investigates the effects of the split-injection strategy with a negative dwell time using a multi-hole diesel injector under evaporating conditions. To compare with negative dwell conditions,...
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Unexpected reactions of 7-amino-8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine
December 2021
The synthesis of energetic compounds with high detonation performance and low sensitivity has always been the goal of the energetic material field. However, the synthetic chemistry of energetic compounds...
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