Evaluation of large language models (LLMs) on the mastery of knowledge and skills in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) industry
October 2025
•The knowledge capabilities of LLMs in the HVAC industry are evaluated.•The performance of LLMs of knowledge is revealed.•Limitations of LLMs are noted in field of HVAC systems.•Future research directions...
Incidence of circular refurbishment measures on indoor air quality and comfort conditions in two real buildings: Experimental and numerical analysis
October 2025
•Energy renovation of two real buildings in Greece within the European project.•On-site monitoring and Building Energy Simulations.•The refurbishment of heating system shows improvement of indoor thermal...
Effects of environmental factors, measurement and modeling for germicidal efficiency of in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system
October 2025
•Temperature, RH and air velocity were considered of in-duct UVGI.•Germicidal efficiency was negatively corelated with air velocity.•Germicidal efficiency was higher at 26–28 °C (RH:30–40 %).•C-S model...
Analysis of the alternative air ductwork by Numerical airflow behavior combined with the New Economic index and standard
October 2025
•The RCAC index is a new method for economic analysis for evaluating air ducts.•The PID duct is economical, with a high RCAC index of each cost.•Alternative air ductwork is an option for replacing the...
Advances in human-machine cooperation-based aircraft artificial environment assessment and regulation technologies
October 2025
•Comparison of aircraft personnel and equipment cabin environmental requirements.•Existing environmental control technologies were assessed and compared.•Proposed an evaluation system for human-machine...
The relationship between the resistance characteristics and structural parameters of the elongated filter cartridge in the dust collector
October 2025
•Quadratic regression model is established to predict elongated filter resistance.•Utilizing Response Surface Methodology for elongated filter resistance optimization.•The ranking of factors' impacts...
Optimization of university timetables considering students’ thermal sensation in classrooms
October 2025
•Explored students’ thermal sensation changes under autumn semester.•Proposed a course scheduling method to reduce students’ thermal discomfort.•Analyzed course rearrangement's impact on students'thermal...
Multi-objective optimization of Hybrid Energy Systems based on Life Cycle Exergy and Economic criteria
October 2025
•Hybrid energy system was simulated and optimized in different configurations•The renewable wind-solar-hydro system with water-heating module was assumed•A multi-objective optimization was performed...
Research on the Characteristics of Photovoltaic Ice-Cold Storage
October 2025
•The performance of photovoltaic cold storage (PV-CS) was investigated.•The coupling of cold storage and PV-CS enhance the system performance.•The coupling of cold storage and PV-CS reduce the annual...
Optimization of temperature distribution in building envelopes of Ahmedabad region using nano-encapsulated phase change material
October 2025
•An energy-efficient PCM method identifies the building thermal comfort in Ahmedabad.•Various PCMs (RT31, RT35, RT42) and nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, ZnO) are considered.•The PCM reduces the building's...
Effect of pelletization on biomass thermal degradation in combustion: A case study of peanut shell and wood sawdust using macro-TGA
October 2025
•The effects of pelletization on biomass thermal degradation were investigated.•Powders and pellets were compared based on a custom-designed macro-TGA.•Pelletization increases the ignition difficulty...
Probabilistic machine learning for enhanced chiller sequencing: A risk-based control strategy
October 2025
•Natural gradient boosting is used for probabilistic cooling load predictions.•Risks of sequencing actions are evaluated based on probabilistic predictions.•Total switching number is reduced by 43.6...
Enhancing building envelopes: Parametric analysis of shading systems for opaque facades and their comparison with cool paints
October 2025
•Shading on opaque facades alone could reduce cooling loads by 8–28 %.•Cool paints on opaque facades alone could reduce cooling loads by 10–35 %.•Combine use of shading and cool paint further reduces...
The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses
October 2025
•Actual passive buildings were selected as case studies.•Two methods were proposed to improve the indoor thermal environment.•Optimizing the wall structure barely influenced the indoor thermal environment.•The...
Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment in the Built Environment: A Critical Synthesis of Methodologies and Energy Integration Practices
Available online 20 September 2025
•Simulation is the most adopted computational technique for IEQ assessment•Most studies occur in temperate oceanic and hot-summer Mediterranean zones•Only 41.4% of articles explicitly integrate energy...
Human-shading Interaction in Shared Offices: An Experimental Study
Available online 12 September 2025
•Identified Active, Adaptive, and Passive users via clustering analysis•68.75% of participants showed passive shading interaction behavior•Desk location and sunlight exposure influenced shading preferences•68.75%...
Operating characteristics and evaluation of air source heat pumps in cold regions during heating season in China
August 2025
•Investigated the operation of ASHP in office buildings during heating season.•Discussed the mismatches between heat load and produced.•Evaluate the operating characteristics of the ASHP in the cold...
Study on the thermal load of building exterior walls with aerogel slurry insulation under microclimate conditions
August 2025
•Preparing different aerogel slurry content-enhanced coral sand concrete materials.•Analyzing new wall materials load under heat island and heat-humidity conditions.•Higher aerogel content increases...
Heat transfer analysis of deep coaxial geothermal heat exchangers: Insights into heat-flux distribution on borehole wall
August 2025
•A new FV model is proposed for modeling heat transfer of DGHEs.•The homogeneous-medium assumption has limited range of validity.•The heat flux on the borehole wall is a linear function of borehole...
Experimental study and performance enhancement of micro heat pipe PV/T system
August 2025
•A novel MHP-PV/T system using R141b as the working fluid was proposed.•R141b in improving total efficiency of 11.6 % was verified compared with acetone.•The number of MHPs and flow rate were developed...
Phase change materials for enhanced photovoltaic panels performance: A comprehensive review and critical analysis
August 2025
•Detailed recent literature review on cooling PV oanels using PCM.•Appropriate classifications and critical analysis related PCM-based cooling systems.•Hydrated salt HS36 and paraffin wax RT42 can highly...
Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization: A recent comprehensive review
August 2025
•Geothermal systems classification, coupling, and hybridization.•A recent comprehensive review and critical analysis.•A methodical approach to classifying and evaluating various geothermal concepts.•This...
Modeling optimal PV surface of BIPVs for maximum energy yield through Genetic Algorithms
August 2025
•Surface geometric modeling and ray tracing were coupled with genetic algorithms.•Historical irradiance data for the city of Medelln, Colombia were used.•An optimal photovoltaic surface was found, which...
Exploring the role of skin temperature in thermal sensation and thermal comfort: A comprehensive review
August 2025
•Explores local and mean skin temperatures' key roles in human thermal sensation.•Discusses differences in thermal sensation, advocating tailored assessments.•Examines how local skin temperature affects...
Thermal performances and NOx emission studies on an ammonia-hydrogen fueled double-channel outlet micro-combustor for thermophotovoltaic applications
August 2025
•3D simulation of single inlet and double outlets combustor are conducted.•Thermal performance of a combustor can be improved by blending NH3 with H2.•NOx emissions are also numerically examined.•Exergy...