The critical conservation paradigms of archaeological sites: The typological models of Scottish dry-stone brochs
February 2026
Northern Scotland's advanced dry-stone Iron-Age brochs, also known as broch towers, exhibit a relatively advanced technological culture. However, the uncertainty prevails because there is no consensus...
A cultural geographic perspective on the site selection of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in mountainous regions of China
February 2026
The site selection of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in ancient China was determined by a comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors, and numerous studies have demonstrated that religious culture and...
Conceptualising a model for understanding socio-cultural and spatial factors in housing: Insights from a systematic scoping review
February 2026
Fulfilling socio-cultural needs is crucial for resident's satisfaction, quality of life, and sustainable development. The relationship between socio-cultural dynamics and housing preferences and forms...
Reimagining tourism pedestrian street aesthetics through machine learning: Understanding the role of spatial form based on a case study in Luoyang, China
February 2026
Pedestrian streets are vital for urban livability, tourism, and cultural identity. This research examines how human-perspective spatial form influences aesthetic perception, using a tourist street in...
Path exploration for the conservation of regional cultural heritage
February 2026
At present, historical and cultural conservation presents a regional, holistic, and synergistic development trend. Moreover, the previous theories and methods are no longer applicable and need to be...
Fire detection strategies for heritage buildings in different microclimates: A case study of Baoguo Monastery in Ningbo, China
February 2026
To achieve fire prevention in heritage buildings, it is crucial to identify, analyse, and assess fire risks prior to fires due to the complexity of fire causes and risk factors influenced by various...
Revealing urban lingering pattern at lake front: A spatial information mapping approach through public participatory GIS
February 2026
“Urban lingering” implies an extended stay of users in urban public spaces, which has physical, emotional, and social benefits. In recent times, lingering in public spaces has been increasingly taken...
Public transport vs. private vehicles: Spatial heterogeneity of accessibility to urban centers
February 2026
Urban transportation systems critically influence energy consumption and carbon emissions. To evaluate urban accessibility, it is essential to systematically compare the spatiotemporal efficiency of...
Study the nighttime visual attention in urban waterfront public space: Insights using mobile eye-tracking
February 2026
The study aims to explore people's nighttime visual attention in urban waterfront public space during leisure activities, and analyze the impact of artificial lighting on visual attention. The study...
Carbon-neutral building conceptual evolution, research advancement and practical application: A systematic review
February 2026
Carbon-neutral building is an important step to reach the target of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the society. Therefore, many scholars have conducted studies on different aspects of carbon-neutral...
Temporal and spatial analysis of activity patterns: A case study of neighborhood park in the Orio–Hibikino area, Kitakyushu, Japan
February 2026
This research explores how the park's design features and temporal conditions, such as weather and season, affect user activity in parks near neighborhood communities. The hypothesis is that user behavior...
Demre St. Nicholas Church: Russian repairs and conservation in the longest century
February 2026
This study investigates the 19th-century Russian restoration of the Church of St. Nicholas in Demre, Turkey, within the framework of evolving international conservation practices and Ottoman heritage...
Interaction of nursing efficiency and spatial design in different departments: An agent-based modeling approach
February 2026
The spatial design of nursing units can significantly enhance nurses' work efficiency. However, existing studies primarily focus on optimizing space for individual department, often overlooking the...
Investigating visual stress within family and domestic violence refuges in Australia
February 2026
Family and domestic violence (FDV) is an issue that impacts on the health and wellbeing of women and children worldwide. Research shows that trauma-exposed individuals commonly experience heightened...
Research on local knowledge categories and formation mechanisms of traditional village landscapes: A case study of Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
February 2026
Locality embodies the spiritual essence and cultural heritage of regional historical development. Traditional villages, as crucial carriers of this “memory,” are essential for preserving regional identity...
Unraveling equilibrium effect between traffic supply and land use in transit-oriented development
February 2026
The Node-Place model is a classic tool in Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) typologies that it illustrates the synergistic equilibrium between traffic supply (Node) and land use (Place). However, practical...
Spatial planning interventions for winter sunbathing: Optimizing neighborhood open spaces for the elderly in Jiande, China
February 2026
As global aging accelerates, addressing older adults’ winter sunbathing—a culturally and significant practice enhancing well-being—remains underexplored in spatial planning. This study identifies and...
A new form-evolving approach for adaptive tree-like structures using feature region principal stress lines method
February 2026
This paper introduces a concept that adapts natural tree growth mechanisms through an adaptive, hierarchical subdivision of the in-plane design domain, utilizing principal stress lines (PSLs) extracted...
Architectural memory between phenomenology and critical theory: A comparative framework
Available online 6 February 2026
This article examines how architectural memory is produced and contested in the context of phenomenological accounts and critical theory. It proposes a comparative framework structured around five analytic...
Utilizing remembrance in architecture: Innovative design strategies for converting schools into nursing homes—Evidence from China and Japan
Available online 6 February 2026
The combined challenges of declining birth rates and rapid population ageing have prompted many countries to consider adaptive reuse of vacant schools into nursing homes. Drawing inspiration from the...
Visual fidelity of different immersive displays: An evaluation based on psychophysiological human responses to virtual built environments
Available online 4 February 2026
Virtual environment is increasingly served as a pre-occupancy method for assessing human responses to built spaces, making it important to understand how environmental medium affects human responses....
Identification the determining factors in Mashhad industrial heritage assessment with emphasis on world heritage criteria
Available online 3 February 2026
The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate Mashhad's Industrial Heritage (MIH), which plays a significant role in reflecting the industrial identity of the developing society. Despite...
When the frontier lost the Great Wall: The spatial planning of the Northern Song Northwest Fortress System
Available online 30 January 2026
Based on spatial data on fort elements from the historical–geographical database of the Northern Song Northwest Fortress System, this study used an integrated method combining historical document analysis...
Generating floor plan diagrams using a self-organising adjacency graph
Available online 30 January 2026
In this study, we introduce a novel self-organising map algorithm-based approach to floor plan diagram generation. A graph distance function was used instead of the standard Euclidean distance, together...
Designing a retractable roof module based on the kinematics of Class IV mechanism
Available online 30 January 2026
This paper presents a new approach to the design of foldable structures—retractable roofs that implements a Class IV mechanism as a movable frame beneath three roof panels. The purpose of the study...