High-dose vitamin C: A promising anti-tumor agent, insight from mechanisms, clinical research, and challenges
March 2026
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has sparked controversy since it first emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose...
Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics
July 2023
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular...
The hidden Markov model and its applications in bioinformatics analysis
January 2026
Big biological data contains a large amount of life science information, yet extracting meaningful insights from this data remains a complex challenge. The hidden Markov model (HMM), a statistical model...
In vivo production of CAR T cell: Opportunities and challenges
November 2025
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy for patients with hematological malignancies. However, in vitro viral vector-mediated production of CAR T cells is time-consuming...
Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk
January 2024
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled...
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: From mechanisms to treatment strategies
March 2026
Over the last few decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has served as the standard chemotherapy in treating ovarian cancer (OC). While most patients initially respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy,...
Clinical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system: Delivery options and challenges in precision medicine
January 2024
CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective gene editing tool with broad applications for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases. It depends on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)...
The specific hallmarks, emerging roles, key mechanisms, and clinical applications of intra-tumoral microbiota in human cancers
January 2026
Intra-tumoral microbes have been revealed to exist in many cancer types, attracting widespread attention. The significance of intra-tumoral microbes is becoming increasingly apparent in various aspects...
ACSL4 in Alzheimer's disease: Pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets
Available online 18 September 2025
Iron metabolism plays a vital role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in a range of pathological consequences and illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease...
In vivo gene therapy: A strategy for mutations, degenerations, and tumors
January 2026
Gene mutations, organ function degeneration, and carcinogenesis are the primary threats to human health. Gene therapy, which involves the addition, deletion, regulation, and editing of genes, as well...
Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis
June 2018
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly...
Obesity accelerates aging: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Available online 11 December 2025
Global aging is increasing, and both aging and age-related diseases have emerged as significant public health challenges. According to previous literature, aging is characterized by multiple hallmarks,...
Emerging roles and therapeutic implications of lipid droplet protein perilipin 2 in liver disease
January 2026
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that store neutral lipids when energy is in excess and serve as an energy reservoir during energy deprivation. Altered hepatic lipid metabolism is a critical...
Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis
May 2024
Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for precision medicine. Particularly,...
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 as a novel therapeutic target in solid tumors
January 2026
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the primary type II methyltransferase that mainly catalyzes symmetric demethylation of arginine residues in both histone and nonhistone proteins. Increasing...
Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy
January 2022
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the central area of retina...
eQTL analysis: A bridge from genome to mechanism
May 2026
Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) refers to a genetic variation associated with the expression of specific genes. It has been widely applied to explain the regulatory mechanisms linking genetic...
Optimized Yamanaka factors combined with TERT gene therapy for enhanced anti-aging effects
March 2026
Differences between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma: Driver genes, therapeutic targets, and clinical efficacy
May 2025
With the rapid advancements in second-generation gene sequencing technologies, a growing number of driver genes and associated therapeutic targets have been unveiled for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and...
The role of m6A methylation in female reproductive physiology and pathology
January 2026
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a critical regulator of female reproductive physiology, yet existing reviews have focused predominantly on oocytes. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate...
Recent advances in human papillomavirus vaccines and therapeutic strategies: Combating cervical and non-cervical cancers
May 2026
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of several cancers, particularly cervical cancer, and remain a serious public health challenge, particularly in low-resource countries. In addition to...
Patient-derived xenograft models: Current status, challenges, and innovations in cancer research
September 2025
Despite advancing therapeutic treatments, cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with most of its patients developing drug resistance and recurrence after initial treatment. Therefore,...
Oncogenic activation of PIK3CA in cancers: Emerging targeted therapies in precision oncology
March 2025
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are heterodimers consisting of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit. The PIK3CA gene, which encodes the p110α, is the most frequently mutated oncogene...
Mitochondrial transplantation in lung diseases: From mechanisms to application prospects
Available online 18 September 2025
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles in eukaryotic cells, which play an important role in energy metabolism, cell cycle and apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondrial abnormalities can affect various...
Endocrine therapy resistance of breast cancer: Important role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and new therapeutic strategies
January 2026
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy that affects women worldwide, with approximately 70% of cases classified as hormone receptor-positive (HR+). Endocrine therapy is one of the principal...
