Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics
July 2023
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular...
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Clinical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system: Delivery options and challenges in precision medicine
January 2024
CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective gene editing tool with broad applications for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases. It depends on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)...
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Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis
June 2018
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly...
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Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis
May 2024
Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for precision medicine. Particularly,...
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Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk
January 2024
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled...
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in development and human diseases
September 2014
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of signaling molecules that belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Initially discovered for their ability to induce...
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Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy
January 2022
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the central area of retina...
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A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9)
November 2023
Over the past few decades, advances in immunological knowledge have led to the identification of novel immune checkpoints, reinvigorating cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint...
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The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling in cancer development and immune diseases
May 2021
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) family of transcription factors plays an essential role as stressors in the cellular environment, and controls the expression of important regulatory genes such as...
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Targeting RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signaling pathway in human cancer: Current status in clinical trials
January 2023
Molecular target inhibitors have been regularly approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for tumor treatment, and most of them intervene in tumor cell proliferation and metabolism. The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK...
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DNA methylation drives a new path in gastric cancer early detection: Current impact and prospects
March 2024
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Early detection offers the best chance for curative treatment and reducing its mortality. However, the optimal population-based...
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Twenty years of Gendicine® rAd-p53 cancer gene therapy: The first-in-class human cancer gene therapy in the era of personalized oncology
July 2024
Genetic mutations in TP53 contribute to human malignancies through various means. To date, there have been a variety of therapeutic strategies targeting p53, including gene therapy to restore normal...
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Recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 vector in gene therapy: Opportunities and challenges
January 2024
In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the field of gene therapy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most promising gene therapy vectors and a powerful tool for delivering...
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Regulation of AMPK activation by extracellular matrix stiffness in pancreatic cancer
May 2024
The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) sits at a central node in the regulation of energy metabolism and tumor progression. AMPK is best known to sense high cellular ADP or...
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Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma multiforme
September 2016
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytomas. However, at least 50% of TMZ treated patients do not respond to TMZ. This is due primarily...
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The role of lipid metabolism in osteoporosis: Clinical implication and cellular mechanism
July 2024
In recent years, researchers have become focused on the relationship between lipids and bone metabolism balance. Moreover, many diseases related to lipid metabolism disorders, such as nonalcoholic fatty...
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Mechanism of PARP inhibitor resistance and potential overcoming strategies
January 2024
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are a kind of cancer therapy that targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. PARPi is the first clinically approved drug to exert synthetic lethality by obstructing the DNA single-strand...
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Dirty environment for adult life: The bad, the good, the unknown
September 2016
We know the bad things of dirty environment which is associated with infectious diseases. In this Research Watch, we discuss the good and the unknown of dirty environment, based on a recent Nature paper....
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Loss of GATA6-mediated up-regulation of UTX promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis and progression
March 2024
Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX), also known as lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A), functions as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene depending on the tumor...
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IL-13/IL-13RA2 signaling promotes colorectal cancer stem cell tumorigenesis by inducing ubiquitinated degradation of p53
January 2024
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered tumor-initiating cells and the main drivers of disease progression. Targeting these rare cancer cells, however, remains challenging with respect to therapeutic...
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Fibroblast growth factor 21: An emerging pleiotropic regulator of lipid metabolism and the metabolic network
May 2024
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was originally identified as an important metabolic regulator which plays a crucial physiological role in regulating a variety of metabolic parameters through the...
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DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies targeting the p53 R175H mutant epitope inhibit tumor development in mice
July 2024
The tumor suppressor p53 is the most common mutated gene in cancer, with the R175H as the most frequent p53 missense mutant. However, there are currently no approved targeted therapies or immunotherapies...
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ZIP4 inhibits Ephrin-B1 ubiquitination, activating Wnt5A/JNK/ZEB1 to promote liver cancer metastasis
November 2024
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