High-dose vitamin C: A promising anti-tumor agent, insight from mechanisms, clinical research, and challenges
March 2026
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has sparked controversy since it first emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose...
Mitochondrial SLC3A1 regulates sexual dimorphism in cystinuria
May 2025
Cystinuria is the most common inheritable cause of kidney stone disease, with males exhibiting a higher susceptibility than females. However, the cellular origin and underlying mechanisms of sex differences...
Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics
July 2023
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular...
Oncostatin M drives multifaceted immune pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis-like inflammation via neutrophil-dependent mechanisms
Available online 6 January 2026
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dysregulation of T helper 2 cell and accumulation of innate immune cells. While recent studies have highlighted the role...
Optimized Yamanaka factors combined with TERT gene therapy for enhanced anti-aging effects
March 2026
The genomic and epigenomic landscape of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome
May 2025
Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a rare, irreversibly blinding eye disease with an unknown etiology. Understanding its genomic and epigenomic landscape could aid in developing etiology-based...
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: From mechanisms to treatment strategies
March 2026
Over the last few decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has served as the standard chemotherapy in treating ovarian cancer (OC). While most patients initially respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy,...
YTHDF1 shapes immune-mediated hepatitis via regulating inflammatory cell recruitment and response
May 2025
Severe immune responses regulate the various clinical hepatic injuries, including autoimmune hepatitis and acute viral hepatitis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a crucial regulator of immunity...
Notch1 signaling regulates Sox9 and VEGFA expression and governs BMP2-induced endochondral ossification of mesenchymal stem cells
May 2025
Although bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), its induction of endochondral ossification limits the application of BMP2-based...
Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis
June 2018
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly...
Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis
May 2024
Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for precision medicine. Particularly,...
Recent advances in human papillomavirus vaccines and therapeutic strategies: Combating cervical and non-cervical cancers
May 2026
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of several cancers, particularly cervical cancer, and remain a serious public health challenge, particularly in low-resource countries. In addition to...
Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy
January 2022
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the central area of retina...
GTSE1-expressed osteoblastic cells facilitate formation of pro-metastatic tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma
November 2025
Understanding metastatic osteosarcoma relies on defining the complexity of cell types, their associated molecular profiles, and interactions among cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we integrated...
The hidden Markov model and its applications in bioinformatics analysis
January 2026
Big biological data contains a large amount of life science information, yet extracting meaningful insights from this data remains a complex challenge. The hidden Markov model (HMM), a statistical model...
Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk
January 2024
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled...
Depletion of Kif13b promotes neuroinflammatory attack against myelin in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model
September 2026
Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis: The physiopathological role in cellular processes and human diseases
Available online 8 January 2026
The cytosolic fatty acid synthesis (FAS) type I pathway is widely recognized as the "classical" system in mammals. However, recent investigations have identified another highly conserved de novo fatty...
DNA-based vaccines: Advances, applications, and future prospects
November 2026
DNA-based vaccines represent a promising advancement in immunization strategies, offering a novel approach for preventing infectious diseases and treating various conditions, including cancers and autoimmune...
Dendritic cell vaccines: Current research progress, challenges, and opportunities
July 2026
This review examines the advancements in cancer immunotherapies, particularly focusing on dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines developed through in vitro methods. DCs are essential for connecting innate...
In vivo production of CAR T cell: Opportunities and challenges
November 2025
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy for patients with hematological malignancies. However, in vitro viral vector-mediated production of CAR T cells is time-consuming...
Genetics, epidemiology and management of clubfoot and related disorders
November 2025
Clubfoot, medically termed congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), is a prevalent musculoskeletal birth defect, affecting approximately 0.3% of all live births. This serious congenital anomaly results...
NKAPL suppresses NSCLC progression by enhancing the protein stability of TRIM21 and further inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway
September 2025
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of mortality in the clinic. Previous studies have demonstrated that the NF-kappa-B activating protein like (NKAPL) is positively correlated...
Oncogenic activation of PIK3CA in cancers: Emerging targeted therapies in precision oncology
March 2025
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are heterodimers consisting of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit. The PIK3CA gene, which encodes the p110α, is the most frequently mutated oncogene...
Clinical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system: Delivery options and challenges in precision medicine
January 2024
CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective gene editing tool with broad applications for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases. It depends on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)...