Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition)
September 2025
Acute pain differs in many aspects from chronic pain states and can arise from various etiologies. Recent years have seen advancements in postoperative acute pain management, which is a critical component...
Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2025 edition)
December 2025
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common postoperative complication that substantially influences patient recovery and healthcare quality. To further standardize PONV management in China,...
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in neurosurgery: A critical appraisal of established practices, ongoing controversies, and future trajectories
June 2026
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has evolved from a novel technique into an evidence-based standard treatment method for high-risk neurosurgical and spinal surgeries. Its effectiveness...
Postoperative Sore Throat After General Anesthesia: A Narrative Review
2023
Endotracheal intubation is a common operation that provides effective mechanical ventilation under general anesthesia. Additionally, it may limit aspiration of upper airway content to the lower airways....
Remimazolam in anesthesia and sedation: A narrative review
September 2025
Remimazolam, an innovative sedative, provides a rapid onset and quick recovery by being rapidly hydrolyzed into pharmacologically inactive CNS7054 via ubiquitous nonspecific esterases. Its pharmacokinetic...
Perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers: What is new in 2024?
March 2024
Perflurocarbon-based oxygen carriers (PBOC) represent a major category of artificial oxygen therapeutics. Since their initial report of potential oxygen-carrying capability half a century ago, some...
The environmental effects of anesthetic agents and anesthesia practices
December 2024
Anesthesia is a critical domain with considerable capacity to reduce the carbon footprint of healthcare on the environment, particularly in terms of climate change. Volatile anesthetics are halogenated...
A narrative review on multimodal spinal anesthesia: Old technique and new use
March 2025
Spinal anesthesia has a long history in providing safe and effective anesthesia and analgesia. Its continuous evolution in block placement techniques with or without ultrasound assistance, options of...
Hoarseness after general endotracheal anesthesia: A single-center retrospective analysis
June 2024
After the extubation of endotracheal tubes or removal of laryngeal masks in patients who underwent general anesthesia, complications such as hoarseness often occur, potentially leading to serious adverse...
What is new in cardiac anesthesia in 2024?
June 2025
Recent advances in cardiac anesthesia have led to improved patient care and safety. In 2024, there is a growing focus on patient-centered approaches aimed at improving overall outcomes. This includes...
Practice advisory on the management of the perioperative period of scoliosis correction surgery
September 2025
Scoliosis correction surgery is a complex procedure aimed at rectifying the spinal lateral curvature and rotation. Perioperative anesthetic management is a critical determinant of both surgical success...
Mechanism of antidepressant action of ketamine and differences between its two enantiomers
September 2025
Ketamine has been widely used since its discovery, and in addition to its anesthetic effects, in recent years it has been found to exhibit rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in rodent models...
Case report: Successful reversal of chronic kidney disease by epidural block with lidocaine
September 2024
IgA nephropathy (IgA N) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure. However, none of the information regarding the pathogenesis of this disease suggests a curable time-limited...
The application value of frailty assessment tools in the perioperative period: A narrative review
June 2026
Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by reduced physiological reserves and multisystem dysfunction, which markedly elevates the risk of postoperative complications and delayed functional recovery,...
Prevalence of cognitive impairment in older medical inpatients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
June 2026
Cognitive impairment is common among older adults and is associated with adverse outcomes such as prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality. Many of the medical inpatients subsequently undergo...
Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions
September 2024
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely utilized in both human and veterinary anesthesia. Its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, is similarly employed for anesthesia and analgesia. The anesthetic effects...
Cocktail-style multifunctional resuscitation fluids: Where are we now in 2026?
March 2026
For over half a century, fluid resuscitation has traditionally included crystalloids for volume expansion and colloids for potential oncotic advantage. The paradigm, however, could be shifting now....
From static to dynamic: Artificial intelligence revolution in perioperative care through multimodal data fusion and closed-loop optimization
September 2025
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into perioperative care represents a paradigmatic transformation from static decision frameworks to dynamic, adaptive systems. This comprehensive review...
Lung Protection of Mechanical Ventilation during Laparoscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review
2022
Mechanical ventilation is a means of life support for patients with acute respiratory failure, and it is also an indispensable technical method for ensuring the safety of patients during general anesthesia....
Neuroprotective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: From molecular pathways to clinical translation
December 2025
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common severe complications observed in elderly patients following surgery, primarily characterized by a decline in postoperative cognitive function...
Considerations for regional anaesthesia for the shoulder joint – Beyond the C5-C6 nerve roots
December 2025
Shoulder pain in the perioperative setting remains a significant clinical challenge, with persistent postoperative discomfort reported in up to 22 % of patients following primary shoulder arthroplasty....
Anxiety and depression in non-cardiac surgical patients and associations with adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
December 2025
Mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression are associated with advanced disease at presentation, reduced treatment uptake, and worse postoperative outcomes. Despite this, preoperative screening...
Advances in biomarkers for myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery
March 2026
Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is a common and clinically important postoperative complication associated with increased short- and long-term mortality. As most cases lack typical...
Open lung ventilation with low tidal volumes, staircase recruitment maneuvers, high PEEP and decremental PEEP titration vs ARDSNet in ARDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis
September 2025
The impact of open lung ventilation (OLV) with low tidal volumes (TV), staircase recruitment maneuvers (SRMs), high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and decremental PEEP titration on acute respiratory...
Electroencephalographic phenotypes of postoperative delirium in the perioperative period
March 2026
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and severe complication among older surgical patients. Perioperative electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring provides a noninvasive, real-time window into cerebral...