Artificial intelligence and machine learning in drug discovery: From lead discovery to clinical validation (2020–2025)
December 2025
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are fundamentally changing the small-molecule drug discovery process, primarily by moving the workflow from being empirically screened to data-driven,...
Alkylating agents in cancer: Current developments
December 2025
The term cancer is derived from a Latin word “cancrum” which means crabs, and associated with group of disease which is related with cellular malfunctions. It is one of the major causes of death in...
Phytochemicals as promising lead compounds for drug discovery: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and pharmacological potentials
January 2026
Phytochemicals, bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants, have long contributed to drug discovery by providing diverse chemical scaffolds and broad biological activities. Despite strong preclinical...
Pharmacological treatment of adolescent depression: Current advances and future perspectives
December 2025
Adolescent depression is a prevalent and increasingly concerning mental health condition, characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest, and impaired social functioning. Due to the complexity...
Unravelling various genetic and molecular targets of prostate cancer: Mechanisms of progression, resistance, and emerging therapeutic strategies
November 2025
Prostate Cancer (PC) has emerged as a significant contributor to male mortality in Western countries, ranking fifth globally among male cancer-related causes of death. Prostate cancer is the second...
Nanotechnology-enhanced herbal sunscreens: A natural approach to UV protection and skin care
January 2026
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a leading cause of several skin-related concerns, including sunburn, premature aging, pigmentation, and even skin cancer. While conventional sunscreens...
Spray on science: Revolutionizing topical drug delivery with film-forming systems
March 2026
Film-forming sprays (FFS) have emerged as advanced topical and transdermal drug delivery systems offering improved drug retention, enhanced bioavailability, and better patient compliance compared to...
Benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents: A review of recent literature and structure-activity relationships
November 2025
The structural diversity and associated biological activities of benzimidazole derivatives have made them attractive to medicinal chemists. Due to diverse biological activities of benzimidazole derivatives,...
Antiviral agents: A journey through time to discover new uses and advancements
April 2026
Viruses are microscopic infectious agents composed of nucleic acid enclosed within a protein coat and are not visible to the naked eye. Viral infections, including those caused by HIV, influenza, respiratory...
An update on the role of inflammation in insulin resistance and islet β cell failure- A crosstalk between immune cells, adipose tissue, cytokines, and oxidative stress
March 2025
One of the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the growing malfunctioning of β-cells and the presence of insulin resistance. The recent literature on this aspect is reviewed in this...
Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic studies of VEGFR2 inhibitors
April 2026
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is one of the main factors that facilitate the formation of new blood vessels in tumours and has been recognized as a target for treatment of...
The effects of hydrogen-rich water on gut microbiota and related health outcomes: A systematic review
September 2025
Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies suggest that the ingestion of HRW may alter gut...
Human microbiome-driven antimicrobial resistance: Biological mechanisms, pharmacological considerations and next-generation therapeutic prospects
March 2026
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a serious global health challenge, threatening the effectiveness of existing antimicrobial therapies. Although resistance has traditionally been linked to antibiotic...
AI-driven target discovery and clinical development of candidate drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A review
October 2025
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease with high mortality and limited treatment options, urgently requiring new therapeutic targets and drug development strategies. In recent...
Pharmacological effects and prospects of traditional Chinese medicine and its bioactive components in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis and cholelithiasis
December 2025
Urolithiasis and cholelithiasis are common disorders of the urinary and digestive systems, characterized by high incidence and recurrence rates, imposing a significant public health burden. Current...
Indazole, a privileged scaffold: Synthetic strategies, biological potential, and future prospects
November 2025
Indazole, a bicyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycle formed by the fusion of benzene and pyrazole rings, emerges as a versatile scaffold in drug discovery. Although naturally occurring Indazole alkaloids...
Formulation and optimization of Kaempferol nanoemulsion-based gel for treating skin erythema using Box-Behnken statistical design
August 2025
The objective of this study is to develop and characterize Kaempferol (KMF)-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel formulations for the treatment of skin erythema. A Box-Behnken design was utilized to optimize...
Automated detection of breast cancer using machine learning and deep learning models from tabular data
December 2025
Detection of breast cancer remains an important global health issue, particularly in patients with dense breast tissue. Despite wide use of machine learning for breast cancer diagnosis, many existing...
EGFR-targeted chalcone derivatives: A rational design using integrated 3D-QSAR, docking, and ADMET analysis
March 2026
Chalcone derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities, including anticancer effects, while Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a key therapeutic target requiring novel inhibitors with improved...
Role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease
April 2026
Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, necessitates improved treatment options due to limitations and side effects of current acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs)....
Antigen–antibody interactions in precision medicine: Molecular mechanisms, targeted drug delivery, and nanomedicine applications
May 2026
Conventional systemic drug administration remains constrained by non-specific tissue distribution and dose-limiting toxicity, which necessitates the development of precision-guided therapeutic alternatives....
Cardioprotective effects of plant-based dietary patterns: Evidence, mechanisms and public health implications
May 2026
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension, remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, placing a significant burden on healthcare...
Computational strategies for drug discovery in neurodegeneration: Targeting Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
March 2026
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s remain among the most pressing global health challenges, with more than 50 million people affected worldwide and no curative therapies...
From prediction to design: A machine learning model for de novo bioactive compounds and personalized biotherapeutics
December 2025
Traditional approaches for identifying and improving bioactive molecules, important for pharmaceutical development, are laborious and inefficient. Therapeutic chemical screening, development, and customization...
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of dihydropyrimidine-schiff base derivatives as potential EGFR/Bcl-2 inhibitor candidates
April 2026
Cancer remains a major global health challenge characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, necessitating the development of novel targeted therapeutic agents with improved predicted interaction...