Artificial intelligence and machine learning in drug discovery: From lead discovery to clinical validation (2020–2025)
December 2025
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are fundamentally changing the small-molecule drug discovery process, primarily by moving the workflow from being empirically screened to data-driven,...
An update on the role of inflammation in insulin resistance and islet β cell failure- A crosstalk between immune cells, adipose tissue, cytokines, and oxidative stress
March 2025
One of the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the growing malfunctioning of β-cells and the presence of insulin resistance. The recent literature on this aspect is reviewed in this...
Benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents: A review of recent literature and structure-activity relationships
November 2025
The structural diversity and associated biological activities of benzimidazole derivatives have made them attractive to medicinal chemists. Due to diverse biological activities of benzimidazole derivatives,...
The effects of hydrogen-rich water on gut microbiota and related health outcomes: A systematic review
September 2025
Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies suggest that the ingestion of HRW may alter gut...
Quality by design based analytical (RP-HPLC) method development and validation of coenzyme q10 in single and combination with clomiphene citrate: An extensive review
November 2025
Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) has emerged as a rigorous, science-driven framework that supports the development of robust and regulatory-compliant analytical procedures. Its application to RP-HPLC...
Identification of plant-derived secondary metabolites as potential CDK2 inhibitors against colorectal cancer: Molecular docking, dynamics simulations and DFT study
December 2025
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer globally and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 0.93 million fatalities...
AI-driven target discovery and clinical development of candidate drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A review
October 2025
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease with high mortality and limited treatment options, urgently requiring new therapeutic targets and drug development strategies. In recent...
Regulation of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights into current therapeutic pathways
October 2025
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a rapidly growing global health challenge, affecting millions of people worldwide and posing a significant socio-economic burden on healthcare systems in both developing...
Indazole, a privileged scaffold: Synthetic strategies, biological potential, and future prospects
November 2025
Indazole, a bicyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycle formed by the fusion of benzene and pyrazole rings, emerges as a versatile scaffold in drug discovery. Although naturally occurring Indazole alkaloids...
Formulation, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effect of anti-acne serum containing extracts of striata scrophularia and rosemary plants
June 2025
Infectious diseases like acne, caused by bacteria and fungi, are prevalent worldwide. The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has prompted the search for natural alternatives....
Preparation, characterization, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity of biocompatible antibacterial Astragalus campylosema-loaded sodium alginate hydrogel
November 2025
Hydrogels have good water retention, biocompatibility and biodegradability. As a result, their medical use has become increasingly widespread....
Formulation and optimization of Kaempferol nanoemulsion-based gel for treating skin erythema using Box-Behnken statistical design
August 2025
The objective of this study is to develop and characterize Kaempferol (KMF)-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel formulations for the treatment of skin erythema. A Box-Behnken design was utilized to optimize...
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi: A review on botany, phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activities
October 2025
Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang-Qin), prominently avowed as Chinese Skullcap, is a traditional herb that has been historically diversified and used culturally in Chinese medicine. The review focused...
From prediction to design: A machine learning model for de novo bioactive compounds and personalized biotherapeutics
December 2025
Traditional approaches for identifying and improving bioactive molecules, important for pharmaceutical development, are laborious and inefficient. Therapeutic chemical screening, development, and customization...
Pharmacological treatment of adolescent depression: Current advances and future perspectives
December 2025
Adolescent depression is a prevalent and increasingly concerning mental health condition, characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest, and impaired social functioning. Due to the complexity...
Exploring the therapeutic potential of phytocompounds from selected medicinal plants for type2 diabetes mellitus management through computational analysis
November 2025
Since prehistoric times, medicinal plants have served as a critical source of bioactive compounds for treating numerous ailments, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study uses insilico...
Automated detection of breast cancer using machine learning and deep learning models from tabular data
December 2025
Detection of breast cancer remains an important global health issue, particularly in patients with dense breast tissue. Despite wide use of machine learning for breast cancer diagnosis, many existing...
Design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation of PABA–derived Schiff bases
November 2025
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains presents an urgent need for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a versatile scaffold...
Unravelling various genetic and molecular targets of prostate cancer: Mechanisms of progression, resistance, and emerging therapeutic strategies
November 2025
Prostate Cancer (PC) has emerged as a significant contributor to male mortality in Western countries, ranking fifth globally among male cancer-related causes of death. Prostate cancer is the second...
Investigating the flavonoid compounds of citrus peel and their pharmacological mechanism to combat breast cancer through system pharmacology and experimental verification
November 2025
Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies in women globally. Traditional treatment approaches are often limited by drug resistance and systemic toxicity, whereas multi-targeted treatments...
Structural classification of HDAC inhibitors and cancer treatment prospects: A review
September 2025
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a protease that plays an important role in chromosomal structural modification and in the regulation of gene expression. It is considered one of the key ways to inhibit...
Polymer-based nanofibers in biomedicine: Fabrication to therapeutic applications
December 2025
Nanofibers emerge as a groundbreaking advancement in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, porosity, and ability to deliver therapeutic agents in a controlled...
Emerging DNA- and RNA-based therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma: A molecular approach to precision medicine
November 2025
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common sole malignancy of the liver as well as one of the leading causes of cancer-related death throughout the globe. Current epidemiological surveys note...
Development and characterization of suppository formulation for rectal delivery of clarithromycin
August 2025
Clarithromycin (CLR), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is widely used to treat genitourinary infections caused by Gram positive bacteria via conventional drug delivery approaches, such as tablets. However,...
N-substituted thiourea derivatives based aminoalcohols: Discovery of potent cholinesterase inhibitors as new therapeutic approach In Alzheimer’s disease
December 2025
A novel series of aminoalcohol-based N-substituted thiourea derivatives (T1–T5) were synthesized and systematically evaluated as potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)...