Neurogenesis markers in brain aging and their serotonergic modulation by physical exercise: A narrative review
December 2025
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a continuous process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells, occurring in specific brain regions such as the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This process...
Cataracts as a potential non-motor marker for Parkinson's disease: An observational study based on UK biobank data
December 2025
Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) is primarily classified as a movement disorder, it is frequently accompanied by a spectrum of non-motor symptoms, some of which can precede the onset of motor symptoms...
Therapeutic applications and strategies of neurobiomarkers in neurological disorders: A narrative review
December 2025
Neurological disorders (e.g., glioma, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease) have long plagued clinicians due to their complex pathological mechanisms and therapeutic limitations. In recent years,...
RNA high-throughput sequencing and clinical outcome validation indicate that long non-coding RNAs are biomarkers in the peripheral blood of patients with major depressive disorder
December 2025
Major depressive disorder currently lacks definitive biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This study aims to investigate the potential clinical value of long non-coding RNAs as...
Dark white matter is a subcortical MRI marker in seizures and systemic disorders: A narrative review
December 2025
Recognizing subcortical white matter hypointensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly in patients with seizures, has led to identifying a novel radiological phenomenon known as the...
Imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of corticobasal ganglia syndrome: DaTSCAN and [18F]FDG PET
September 2025
Corticobasal syndrome is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with clinical features that overlap with other Parkinsonian syndromes, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Biomarkers are essential...
Biomarkers in autoimmune myasthenia gravis: A narrative review
September 2025
Myasthenia gravis is a heterogeneous, autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction, characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. Early diagnosis is critical to initiate immunotherapy for the disease,...
Apolipoprotein E genotype as a biomarker in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative review of the influence of genetic factors on molecular structure
September 2025
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. This review addresses the...
Grip force variability and deep learning: A cross-sectional study of a novel biomarker for early detection of Parkinson's disease
September 2025
Accurately distinguishing Parkinson’s disease (PD) from healthy aging remains challenging, especially using noninvasive methods. When analyzed with advanced computational methods, grip force variability...
Fractal dimension reveals cellular morphological changes as early biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review
September 2025
Fractal dimension has emerged as a powerful tool for capturing structural irregularities and self-similar patterns in biological tissues, providing crucial insights beyond traditional morphological...
Early detection of autism with the help of biomarkers: A narrative review
September 2025
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms that vary significantly in individuals. The main manifestations include difficulties in social interactions, communication disorders,...
Optimizing Alzheimer's diagnosis and precision medicine: A narrative review unlocking the potential of multiomics markers
September 2025
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive and functional decline, with significant societal and economic consequences. Its differential...
Role of gut-microbiome-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review of mechanisms, therapeutics, and emerging perspectives
September 2025
The gut–microbiota–brain axis represents a complex bidirectional communication system linking intestinal microbes and their metabolites with the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that...
Translational potential of RNA biomarkers in mental health: A narrative review
Available online 24 September 2025
Schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder lack established objective diagnostic methods. Non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are emerging as promising...
Brain structural and functional alteration in movement disorders: A narrative review of markers and their dynamic changes
Available online 24 September 2025
Movement disorders can present a significant challenge to healthcare professionals due to their varied etiologies, complex symptomatology, and often debilitating consequences for patients by affecting...
The value of ITGA and ITGB superfamily genes as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas: A retrospective observational study based on the GEPIA and CGGA databases
June 2025
Glioma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, with a poor prognosis and easy recurrence after surgery. Exploring potential biomarkers is highly important for...
Neurobiomarkers of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents and their significance for diagnosis and precision medicine: A narrative review
June 2025
The application of neurobiomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders has garnered significant attention. However, due to the genetic and biological complexity of psychiatric disorders,...
Values of epigenetic markers in Parkinson's disease as biomarkers and therapeutic targets: A narrative review
June 2025
Parkinson's disease is a major global nervous system disorder with few treatment options, primarily focused on symptom management. This review summarizes research on epigenetic therapy in Parkinson's...
The role of fusion proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
June 2025
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded amyloid-beta and tau proteins in the brain, which causes memory and cognitive functions...
Identification of novel biomarkers and immune characteristics of spinal cord injury based on comprehensive bioinformatic analysis: A retrospective observational study
June 2025
The exact mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury are not fully understood, and effective treatments are scarce. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers that can guide therapy...
Blood biomarkers for clinical applications in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
June 2025
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that imposes a significant burden on both patients and society. Currently, the primary methods for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease include...
Role of the amygdala and possible biomarkers in psychiatric disorders
March 2025
In the early 1800s, the "cerebral amygdala" was described as an almond-shaped structure within the temporal lobe. A century later, the role of amygdala in modulating behavior became evident, specifically...
Artificial intelligence-driven radiological biomarkers: A narrative review of artificial intelligence in meningioma diagnosis
March 2025
Meningiomas, the most common primary intracranial tumors, present unique challenges in diagnosis and management due to their diverse behaviors and potential for recurrence. Recent advances in artificial...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as biomarkers in cerebrovascular diseases: A narrative review
March 2025
Cerebrovascular disease, a critical global health challenge, profoundly affects the quality and longevity of human life due to its alarmingly high incidence, disability, mortality, recurrence rate,...
The role of machine learning in discovering biomarkers and predicting treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review
March 2025
Machine learning in the field of computational intelligence continues to increase significantly and shows potential in the identification, management, treatment, and monitoring of complex diseases,...