State of China’s climate in 2025
November 2026
In 2025, China experienced a pronounced warm–wet climate regime. The national annual mean temperature tied with the 2024 record as the highest observed since 1961, while nationwide annual precipitation...
Classification and mechanisms for different types of marine heatwaves in the western Indian Ocean during the past three decades
November 2026
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) have become more intense and frequent since the 1990s, but the underlying mechanisms driving different types of MHWs have not yet been investigated....
Interannual variability of the summer precipitation over the East China Sea
November 2026
It is well-known that the East Asian subtropical rainy belt, stretching from the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin eastward to southern Japan, is modulated by the zonal shift of the western...
Quantitative attribution analysis of dynamical and radiative processes to the record-breaking western Russian heatwave
November 2026
A record-breaking heatwave struck western Russia in summer 2010, accompanied by the warmest surface temperature anomalies during 1980–2022. Utilizing an updated climate feedback-response analysis method,...
Climate state of the Three Gorges Region in the Yangtze River Basin in 2025
November 2026
In 2025, the annual average temperature in the Three Gorges Region (TGR) of the Yangtze River basin was 1.1°C higher than the 1991–2020 climatological average, being the second warmest year since 1961....
Improved prediction skill of winter cold extremes in eastern China from autumntime phase reversal of Kuroshio Extension SST anomalies
November 2026
Accurately predicting wintertime cold extremes in China is vital for energy management and disaster preparedness. To the best of our knowledge, multiple tropical and mid–high latitude precursors have...
Response of the eastern Guangdong shelf to the sub-inertial oscillations induced by far-field Typhoon Khanun (2023): A Lagrangian perspective
November 2026
The destructive wind field of a typhoon can affect areas far from the typhoon and this impact is transmitted through coastal trapped waves (CTWs). CTWs are a common sub-inertial oscillation phenomenon...
A rain effect elimination approach using FengYun-3E WindRAD dual-frequency measurements
November 2026
Satellite scatterometers play a vital role in providing sea surface wind observations and can help to understand air–sea interaction. The wind radar (WindRAD) mounted on FengYun-3E (FY-3E) with Ku and...
State of China’s atmospheric environment in 2025
November 2026
The year 2025 experienced appreciable improvements in both PM2.5 and O3 air quality over China but with strong regional differences. Relative to 2022–2024, the national PM2.5 concentration in 2025 was...
Organized East Asian meridional overturning circulation modulates August extreme heat over the Yangtze River Basin
Available online 30 October 2026
Under global warming, August extreme heat events over the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) have become increasingly frequent. Persistent subsidence is widely recognized as a key process underlying heat extremes,...
Tropical cyclone fullness enhances deep learning intensity forecasts
Available online 30 October 2026
Accurately forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity, particularly rapid intensification (RI), remains challenging. In this study, we systematically evaluate whether TC fullness (TCF), representing...
Statistical downscaling influences projected declines in future compound cold–wet events over the Yangtze River Basin
Available online 23 October 2026
Compound cold–wet events (CCWEs) are high-impact winter hazards in southern China, making reliable projections of their future changes essential for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction....
Long-term trends in precipitation acidity and chemistry at Mount Lu, East China (1992–2021)
Available online 22 October 2026
To thoroughly elucidate the characteristics of acid rain pollution across East China following decades of persistent air pollution abatement, long-term datasets (1992–2021) of precipitation pH, conductivity,...
Large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with high frequency of compound hot and dry events in China during summer 2025: A comparison with 2022 and 2001
Available online 12 October 2026
In summer 2025, China experienced its third-highest compound hot and dry event (CHDE) frequency on record (1961–2025), following 2022 and 2001. This study characterizes the spatiotemporal evolution...
Modulation of interannual variability of strong wind events over eastern China by tropical sea surface temperature variability
Available online 3 October 2026
Strong wind events (SWEs) threaten human safety, infrastructure, and wind energy over eastern China. Using empirical orthogonal unction (EOF) analysis, this study investigates the interannual variability...
Evaluation of the Pangu model in forecasting rapid intensification of tropical cyclones
September 2026
To validate the Pangu model’s forecasting capability for the rapid intensification (RI) process of tropical cyclones (TCs), forecasts of different RI/non-RI TCs were produced both by the Weather Research...
A novel stepwise regression method for predicting September Pan-Arctic sea-ice extent: Comparison with long short-term memory neural networks
September 2026
Accurately forecasting the Pan-Arctic sea-ice extent (SIE) in September is crucial for understanding climate change impacts and ensuring safe Arctic navigation. This study introduces the SWR DY-method,...
Improving hail nowcasting using multi-source data and a WMHDA-enhanced DIFF-Transformer
September 2026
HailPre is a deep learning framework developed for accurate 60-minute hail nowcasting at 10-minute intervals, tailored for regions with complex terrain and imbalanced hail event distributions. It integrates...
Tibetan Plateau darkening exacerbates summer heatwaves through land–atmosphere feedbacks
September 2026
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced significant surface darkening under global warming, concurrent with an increase in TP heatwave occurrences in recent decades. Using reanalysis data, the authors...
Warming of the northern tropical Atlantic intensifies aridity in southeastern Africa
September 2026
October precipitation in southeastern Africa (SEA) is crucial as it marks the initiation of agricultural and hydrological activities. This study investigates the mechanism linking warming sea surface...
Remote influence of the subtropical westerlies on the track of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal
September 2026
This study investigates the remote influence of the subtropical westerlies on the tracks of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 1979 to 2019, combining statistical analysis and numerical...
Impacts of isolated hills on daytime shallow convective clouds in southeastern China
September 2026
Shallow-convective clouds (SCCs) play important roles in the Earth system. Previous studies have mostly focused on SCCs over the oceans or over the plains. This study, however, focused on SCCs over...
On the interpretability and CO2 sensitivity of machine learning–based stomatal conductance models
September 2026
Stomatal conductance (gs), which quantifies the openness of stomata in leaves, is a critical parameter for modeling transpiration in land surface models. While machine learning (ML) approaches may improve...
On adiabatic heat sources/sinks driving the heating/cooling of a single column of compressible atmosphere
September 2026
A theoretical description of adiabatic sources and sinks of heat in the atmosphere is presented, based on a simplified analytical solution to the problem of equilibrium in a single column of compressible...
Seasonal variability of the Agulhas Front’s position and intensity: Insights from satellite-derived sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration data
September 2026
Frontal zones function both as thermal boundaries demarcating water masses and as ecological transition zones. This study proposes a “range–gradient” methodology to investigate the seasonal variability...