Synoptic background conditions and moisture transport for producing the extreme heavy rainfall event in Valencia in 2024
November 2025
From 26 October to 2 November 2024, Spain experienced a record-breaking rainfall event, with the most intense episode appearing in Valencia Province. During the event, Turis station recorded a historic...
The extreme windstorm of April 2025 in northern and central-eastern China: Historical ranking and synoptic origins
November 2025
In mid-April 2025, northern and central-eastern China experienced a catastrophic compound disaster marked by Beaufort 8 or greater wind gusts affecting ∼3.5 × 106 km2, exposing ∼610 million residents...
Bias characteristics of cloud diurnal variation in the FGOALS-f3-L model
November 2025
Cloud diurnal variation is crucial for regulating cloud radiative effects and atmospheric dynamics. However, it is often overlooked in the evaluation and development of climate models. Thus, this study...
Historical and future climate changes impact global solar photovoltaic power potential: Role of key meteorological variables
November 2025
Renewable energy, especially solar power, is vital for mitigating global warming, while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential (PVpot). This study analyzes historical (1985–2014) and...
A reversal of upper-air wind speed in the Northern Hemisphere
November 2025
Previous studies have indicated a global reversal of near-surface wind speeds from a declining trend to an increasing trend around 2010; however, it remains unclear whether upper-air wind speeds exhibit...
Interannual variability of short rains in Tanzania and the influences from ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole
November 2025
Tanzania is mainly subject to a bimodal rainfall pattern, characterized by two distinct seasons: the long rains, occurring from March to May, and the short rains, which typically take place from October...
Mechanistic study of a downhill merging and enhancement of convection in Beijing
November 2025
Numerical simulation of the merging of a thunderstorm cluster from the mountain area near Beijing and a thunderstorm over the adjacent plains on 23 August 2021, along with a diagnosis and analysis of...
A new approach for identifying dominant cloud types and relationships between cloud types and precipitation vertical structure in tropical regions
November 2025
Cloud type profoundly affects precipitation, but few studies have explored its impact on precipitation scale height. The authors calculated the ratio of the volume of each cloud type to the total cloud...
High-skill members in the subseasonal forecast ensemble of extreme cold events in East Asia
November 2025
Subseasonal forecasting of extreme events is crucial for early warning systems. However, the forecast skills for extreme events are limited. Taking the extreme cold events in January 2018 as a specific...
Attribution of regional Hadley circulation intensity changes in the Northern Hemisphere
November 2025
The discrepancy in the trends of the global zonal mean (GZM) intensity of the Hadley circulation (HCI) between reanalysis data and model simulations has been a problem for understanding the changes...
The evolving distribution of humidity conditional on temperature and implications for compound heat extremes across China in a warming world
November 2025
The likelihood of extreme heat occurrence is continuously increasing with global warming. Under high temperatures, humidity may exacerbate the heat impact on humanity. As atmospheric humidity depends...
Principal modes of summer NDVI in eastern Siberia and its climate prediction schemes
November 2025
Based on a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset for 1982–2021, this work investigates the principal modes of interannual variability in summer NDVI over eastern Siberia using the year-to-year...
Influence of the meridional displacement of the North African–West Asian jet on the interannual variation of surface air temperature in June over central India
Available online 17 November 2025
It has been well documented that the land surface air temperature (SAT) over central India shows its largest interannual variability in June and can cause substantial socioeconomic impacts. This study...
Intelligent identification and prediction of wind turbine icing status by integrating wind chill temperature features and ensemble learning
Available online 17 November 2025
Icing of wind turbines in mountainous wind farms during winter poses a serious threat to the safe operation of power systems. However, due to the constraints of complex terrain and limited monitoring...
The role of North Pacific teleconnection in the sea level change of the Canadian Basin
Available online 17 November 2025
This study utilizes sea surface height (SSH) measurements from the CryoSat-2 satellite mission (2011–2020) to demonstrate the significant influence of the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) on linking...
Response of precipitation extremes in South China to CO2 removal forcing
Available online 14 November 2025
The reversibility of precipitation and extreme precipitation under the CO2 removal scenario is critical for climate mitigation and adaptation. This investigation employs CMIP6 models to quantify responses...
Error correction of model analog forecasts using a linear inverse model for improving statistical ENSO prediction skill
Available online 14 November 2025
Accurately predicting El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remains a central challenge in seasonal climate forecasting. Statistical approaches, such as the linear inverse model (LIM) and the model analog...
Divergent burned-area trends in Southern and Northern-Hemisphere Africa over the first half of the 21st century
Available online 11 November 2025
About 50% of global biomass-burning carbon emissions result from wildfires, with approximately 70% of the world’s wildfire burned area originating in Africa. This study applied machine learning models...
Response of the eastern Guangdong shelf to the sub-inertial oscillations induced by far-field Typhoon Khanun (2023): A Lagrangian perspective
Available online 7 November 2025
The destructive wind field of a typhoon can affect areas far from the typhoon and this impact is transmitted through coastal trapped waves (CTWs). CTWs are a common sub-inertial oscillation phenomenon...
The summer predictability barrier phenomena of symmetric and asymmetric Indian Ocean dipole events
Available online 3 November 2025
Predictions of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events often encounter the influence of the “summer predictability barrier” (SPB)—a phenomenon characterized by rapid prediction errors growth during the boreal...
Interannual variability of the summer precipitation over the East China Sea
Available online 27 October 2025
It is well-known that the East Asian subtropical rainy belt, stretching from the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin eastward to southern Japan, is modulated by the zonal shift of the western...
Unveiling remote and local drivers for the interdecadal shift of European hot days
Available online 24 October 2025
The accelerated warming in Europe leaves this region especially vulnerable to severe heatwaves. Previous investigations on heatwaves have focused predominantly on long-term trends, interannual variability,...
Symmetric inner and outer dynamics of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019) during its size expansion
Available online 23 October 2025
In this work, simulation data of Super typhoon Lekima (2019) produced by the Weather Research and Forecasting model are analyzed to study its symmetric inner and outer dynamics during its size expansion....
Thunderstorms without tropopause penetration in Central Africa produce cloud-top jet events
Available online 21 October 2025
Using multi-satellite observations, we examined 20 upward discharge events from thunderstorms (15 blue jets (BJs)/blue starters (BSs) and 5 gigantic jets (GJs)) observed by ISUAL (Imager of Sprites...
Classification and mechanisms for different types of marine heatwaves in the western Indian Ocean during the past three decades
Available online 17 October 2025
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) have become more intense and frequent since the 1990s, but the underlying mechanisms driving different types of MHWs have not yet been investigated....