Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on global fire PM2.5 during 2000–2023
May 2025
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a key driver of global climate variability, profoundly influencing regional fire activities and associated pollutant emissions. This study investigates the...
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Spatiotemporal characteristics of Universal Thermal Climate Index during five-year return period extreme heat events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
May 2025
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health. However, the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied....
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Improving subseasonal forecasting of East Asian monsoon precipitation with deep learning
May 2025
Accurate subseasonal forecasting of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation is crucial, as it directly impacts the livelihoods of billions. However, the prediction skill of state-of-the-art subseasonal-to-seasonal...
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Upper-ocean cooling rate of the South China Sea in response to extreme cold surges and weak cold-air invasions
May 2025
Cold-surge events can lead to temperature drops and strong winds, which then leads to upper-ocean cooling and deepening of the mixed-layer depth, as illustrated in previous studies. In this study, based...
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A maximum sea surface salinity tongue in the North Brazil continental shelf
May 2025
The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum (a salty tongue) in the northwestern...
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Analyzing uncertainty and constraining projections for future vegetation in mid-to-high-latitude Asia
May 2025
Mid-to-high-latitude Asia (MHA) is one of the regions most impacted by global warming and is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on its ecosystems. The future vegetation changes in this...
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Effects of ocean wave spectra on the polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function matrix at Ku‐band and its implications on satellite backscattering simulations
May 2025
A polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) matrix is developed from two-scale roughness theory with the aim of providing more accurate simulations of microwave emissions and...
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Long-term variations of the solar energy in different subregions of Northwest China and associated mechanisms
May 2025
As a type of clean and pollution-free energy source, solar energy plays an important role in achieving the goals of carbon neutrality and global sustainable development. Northwest China occupies an...
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Physical characteristics of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds from CALIPSO data over the South China Sea
May 2025
Studying the characteristics and mechanisms of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds over the South China Sea is vital for their impact on regional climate dynamics, and enhancing predictive models...
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Projection of extreme climate change in the Asian arid region and the Tibetan Plateau in the early and middle 21st century based on NEX-GDDP-CMIP6
May 2025
In the context of global warming, it is anticipated that both the intensity and the frequency of future global extreme high precipitation (EHP) and extreme high temperature (EHT) events will increase....
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Construction and characteristic analysis of background error covariance coupled with land surface temperature
May 2025
Land surface temperature (LST) is the key variable in land–atmosphere interaction, having an important impact on weather and climate forecasting. However, achieving consistent analysis of LST and the...
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Bias characteristics of cloud diurnal variation in the FGOALS-f3-L model
Available online 28 April 2025
Cloud diurnal variation is crucial for regulating cloud radiative effects and atmospheric dynamics. However, it is often overlooked in the evaluation and development of climate models. Thus, this study...
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Interannual modulation of summer precipitation over North China by the coupled tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode
Available online 23 April 2025
Using multi-source reanalysis data, this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode (TPA-DM) and summer precipitation in North China (NCSP) on the interannual...
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Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
Available online 23 April 2025
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
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Historical and future climate changes impact global solar photovoltaic power potential: Role of key meteorological variables
Available online 9 April 2025
Renewable energy, especially solar power, is vital for mitigating global warming, while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential (PVpot). This study analyzes historical (1985–2014) and...
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Relationship between the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO and their effect on summer precipitation in China
Available online 4 April 2025
Based on reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021, this study explores the spatial distribution of the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and its individual and synergistic effects with the El Niño–Southern...
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Relationship between the geopotential height anomalies induced by tropical cyclones and the meridional movement of the western Pacific subtropical high
March 2025
The present study employs statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between the geopotential height anomalies induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) and the meridional movement of the western...
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Perspectives and challenges on the interaction between tropical cyclone precipitation and the ocean: A review
March 2025
Tropical cyclone–induced heavy precipitation (TCP) can have a detrimental impact on human productivity, causing significant economic losses and even human casualties in coastal countries every year....
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Impacts of lateral boundary conditions from numerical models and data-driven networks on convective-scale ensemble forecasts
March 2025
The impacts of lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) provided by numerical models and data-driven networks on convective-scale ensemble forecasts are investigated in this study. Four experiments are conducted...
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Westward shift of western North Pacific tropical cyclones in CMIP6-HighResMIP models
March 2025
Against the backdrop of climate change, the activity of tropical cyclones (TCs) has captured widespread attention. Observational datasets indicate a declining trend in the genesis longitude of western...
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Secondary eyewall formation in upper- and lower-layer vertical wind shear simulated in idealized tropical cyclones
March 2025
This study investigates the characteristics of secondary eyewall formation (SEF) in idealized tropical cyclones embedded in vertical wind shear (VWS) at different heights. The results show that upper-layer...
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Collaborative assimilation experiment of Beidou radiosonde and drone-dropped radiosonde based on CMA-TRAMS
March 2025
Based on the China Meteorological Administration's Tropical Regional Atmosphere Model for the South China Sea (CMA-TRAMS), the authors conducted a collaborative assimilation forecasting experiment utilizing...
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Characteristics of tropical cyclone outflow over the western North Pacific
March 2025
This study employs the self-organizing map method to investigate the upper-tropospheric outflow patterns of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific from 1979 to 2019, using the 200 hPa...
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Microphysical processes of the “21·7” Henan extremely heavy rainfall event as simulated with the Thompson microphysics scheme
March 2025
A numerical simulation was performed using the Thompson microphysics scheme to preliminarily investigate the features of the microphysical processes involved in the record-breaking rainfall event that...
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