Synoptic background conditions and moisture transport for producing the extreme heavy rainfall event in Valencia in 2024
November 2025
From 26 October to 2 November 2024, Spain experienced a record-breaking rainfall event, with the most intense episode appearing in Valencia Province. During the event, Turis station recorded a historic...
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The extreme windstorm of April 2025 in northern and central-eastern China: Historical ranking and synoptic origins
November 2025
In mid-April 2025, northern and central-eastern China experienced a catastrophic compound disaster marked by Beaufort 8 or greater wind gusts affecting ∼3.5 × 106 km2, exposing ∼610 million residents...
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Bias characteristics of cloud diurnal variation in the FGOALS-f3-L model
November 2025
Cloud diurnal variation is crucial for regulating cloud radiative effects and atmospheric dynamics. However, it is often overlooked in the evaluation and development of climate models. Thus, this study...
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Historical and future climate changes impact global solar photovoltaic power potential: Role of key meteorological variables
November 2025
Renewable energy, especially solar power, is vital for mitigating global warming, while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential (PVpot). This study analyzes historical (1985–2014) and...
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A reversal of upper-air wind speed in the Northern Hemisphere
November 2025
Previous studies have indicated a global reversal of near-surface wind speeds from a declining trend to an increasing trend around 2010; however, it remains unclear whether upper-air wind speeds exhibit...
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Interannual variability of short rains in Tanzania and the influences from ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole
November 2025
Tanzania is mainly subject to a bimodal rainfall pattern, characterized by two distinct seasons: the long rains, occurring from March to May, and the short rains, which typically take place from October...
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Mechanistic study of a downhill merging and enhancement of convection in Beijing
November 2025
Numerical simulation of the merging of a thunderstorm cluster from the mountain area near Beijing and a thunderstorm over the adjacent plains on 23 August 2021, along with a diagnosis and analysis of...
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A new approach for identifying dominant cloud types and relationships between cloud types and precipitation vertical structure in tropical regions
November 2025
Cloud type profoundly affects precipitation, but few studies have explored its impact on precipitation scale height. The authors calculated the ratio of the volume of each cloud type to the total cloud...
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High-skill members in the subseasonal forecast ensemble of extreme cold events in East Asia
November 2025
Subseasonal forecasting of extreme events is crucial for early warning systems. However, the forecast skills for extreme events are limited. Taking the extreme cold events in January 2018 as a specific...
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Attribution of regional Hadley circulation intensity changes in the Northern Hemisphere
November 2025
The discrepancy in the trends of the global zonal mean (GZM) intensity of the Hadley circulation (HCI) between reanalysis data and model simulations has been a problem for understanding the changes...
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The evolving distribution of humidity conditional on temperature and implications for compound heat extremes across China in a warming world
November 2025
The likelihood of extreme heat occurrence is continuously increasing with global warming. Under high temperatures, humidity may exacerbate the heat impact on humanity. As atmospheric humidity depends...
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Principal modes of summer NDVI in eastern Siberia and its climate prediction schemes
November 2025
Based on a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset for 1982–2021, this work investigates the principal modes of interannual variability in summer NDVI over eastern Siberia using the year-to-year...
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State of China’s climate in 2024
September 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
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State of the climate over the Three Gorges Region of the Yangtze River basin in 2024
September 2025
The Three Gorges Region (TGR) of the Yangtze River basin exhibited warm and dry climatic characteristics in 2024. The annual mean temperature in the TGR was 18.6 °C, which was 1.2 °C above normal and...
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Impact of deforestation on precipitation extremes in China based on land use model intercomparison project models
September 2025
Deforestation has a significant influence on the hydrological cycle. Understanding the impact of deforestation on precipitation extremes is crucial for addressing global environmental challenges. This...
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Characteristics and possible causes of the Meiyu over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin in 2023
September 2025
The Meiyu in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin (YHRB) in 2023 was featured by delayed onset and retreat, a shorter duration, and below-normal Meiyu precipitation. The relatively weak cold air invading...
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The strongest early-summer drought–flood abrupt alternation event over the Huang–Huai–Hai River Basin in 2024 since the 1980s: Perspective of anomalous subseasonal circulation evolution
September 2025
Since the 21st century, the Huang–Huai–Hai River Basin (HHHRB) in China has experienced increased frequency and severity of drought–flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) events during early summer, characterized...
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Skillful bias correction of offshore near-surface wind field forecasting based on a multi-task machine learning model
September 2025
Accurate short-term forecast of offshore wind fields is still challenging for numerical weather prediction models. Based on three years of 48-hour forecast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range...
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Trends and characteristics of global CH4 emissions: Insights from UNFCCC greenhouse gas inventories
September 2025
The trends and characteristics of global CH4 emissions were analyzed using greenhouse gas data reported by both Annex I and non-Annex I countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate...
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Subseasonal impact of extreme Tibetan Plateau snow cover on the local atmosphere in summer
September 2025
Due to the high elevation and cold climate of the Tibetan Plateau, the western region retains extensive snow cover during the summer, which can exhibit rapid variability over the course of just a few...
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Evaluation of surface wind speed over East Asia and the adjacent ocean in three reanalyses using satellite and in-situ observations
September 2025
Surface wind speed (SWS) not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle, but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy. This study assesses the...
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A non-ENSO driver of the South China Sea winter monsoon: North Pacific sea ice
September 2025
The South China Sea winter monsoon (SCSWM), an integral component of the East Asian winter monsoon, connects extratropical and tropical regions. Utilizing ERA5 reanalysis and PAMIP simulations, the...
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Impacts of observation-based cloud droplet size distributions on the simulation of warm stratiform precipitation using a double-moment microphysics scheme
September 2025
A double-moment cloud microphysics scheme requires an assumption for cloud droplet size distributions (DSDs). However, since observations of cloud DSDs are limited, default values for shape parameters...
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Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review
September 2025
Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions...
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Observation of Typhoon Trami (2024)-induced energy cascade from near-inertial waves to diurnal internal tides
Available online 30 August 2025
Energy transfers among internal waves in the northern South China Sea are not well characterized, particularly during typhoons, owing to the lack of in situ observations. Based on high-resolution mooring...
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