Solubility behaviour of CL-20 and HMX in organic solvents and solvates of CL-20
March 2021
2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane (HMX) are promising cocrystal coformers, but only little solubility data are available....
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Stabilizer selection and formulation strategies for enhanced stability of single base nitrocellulose propellants: A review
March 2024
Stabilizers play a crucial role in preventing undesirable decomposition and degradation reactions of propellants, thus ensuring their long-term performance and safe storage. This review highlights recent...
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Chemical reaction mechanisms and models of energetic materials: A perspective
March 2025
Energetic materials (EMs) are a kind of metastable functional materials with certain potential barriers, overcoming which can quickly release the energy stored in EMs. A thorough understanding of reaction...
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Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
March 2025
Polynitro energetic compounds are a class of oxidant-rich energetic materials, playing a significant role in the field of solid propellants. Generally, an increase in the number of nitro groups present...
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Atomistic mechanism underlying shock-induced phase transition in HfNbTaTiZr energetic high-entropy alloy
March 2025
Energetic high-entropy alloys (HEAs), known for their exceptional mechanical properties and high energy density attributes, have attracted significant attention in energetic structure materials. However,...
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Fully-iodinated bridged pyrroles as high thermostable energetic biocidal materials
March 2025
Pyrrole is one of the important versatile skeletons for functional materials, fully-substituted pyrroles can achieve multiple substitutions. But, spatial site resistance effects make its synthesis difficult....
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Ageing studies on AP/HTPB based composites solid propellants
June 2021
Components of solid rocket motor that are susceptible to ageing are propellant, insulator, inhibitor, interfaces, igniter system, and seals. Seals, insulator, ignition systems are replaceable but the...
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[2+2] and [2+1] cycloaddition of myrcene for synthesis of highly strained bio-fuels with high density and high impulse
March 2025
Developing bio-fuels provides a sustainable strategy to reduce the dependence on finite fossil fuels. But biomass-based fuel molecules usually lack strained structure, resulting in undesirable density...
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Advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials: A review
June 2024
Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials, which are expected to shape future manufacturing and applications. Techniques...
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Catalytic effects of substituents in amino and guanidino derivatives of azolo-annelated and 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazines
March 2025
This work describes the synthesis of molecular and molecular-ionic derivatives of azolo[1,2,4,5]tetrazines and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines containing amino and guanidino fragments. Experimental and computational...
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Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework
March 2025
The formation of anions and cations from amphoteric compounds is an effective method to adjust the properties of amphoteric energetic materials, but there are few reports in the field of energetic materials....
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Atmosphere effects on 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) nanoparticle pyrolysis: A ReaxFF molecular dynamics study
March 2025
1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), an insensitive explosive, is exposed to the atmosphere during manufacture, storage and use, which can lead to changes in energy and sensitivity, particularly...
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Targeted nano-energetic material exploration through active learning algorithm implementation
March 2025
This paper presents an active learning-based method designed to guide experiments towards user-defined specific regions, termed ”regions of interest,” within vast and multi-dimensional thermite design...
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Vicinal combination of N—NH2 and C—NO2 benefitting for low sensitivity and high energy azole molecules: A strategy developed from isomerization
March 2025
It is nowadays challenging to create low sensitivity and high energy molecules (LSHEMs), largely restricted by the high complexity and difficult interpretation of composition-structure-property relationships...
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Quantum chemistry modeling of the unimolecular decomposition mechanism and substituent effects of pyrazolo-tetrazine: A case study of BITE-101
March 2025
4-amino-7,8-dinitropyrazolo-[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]-tetrazine 2-oxide (BITE-101) outperforms the benchmark explosive HMX in all aspects, showing application prospects as a new generation of high energy density...
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A theoretical study on the decomposition of TKX-50 with different vacancy defect concentrations under shock wave loading
March 2025
This study investigated the impacts of different vacancy defect concentrations on the decomposition of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) under shock wave loading using the ab...
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A low-cost bionic interface modification strategy for enhancing the safety performance of energetic powders using PCPA@MXene double coating
March 2025
Based on a simple catechol-amine co-precipitation strategy and biomimetic adhesion characteristics, this study prepared a desensitized CL-20@PCPA core-shell energetic powder using the phenolic and amino...
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A new fluorescent probe based on BODIPY for testing NO2 released from propellants
March 2025
After long-term storage, solid propellants often exhibit various aging characteristics. This study presents a strategy for assessing the state of propellants using the Boron-dipyrrole Ni complex (BDP-Ni)...
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A high density and low sensitivity carrier explosive promising to replace TNT: 3-Bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole
June 2024
To address the issues of high saturated vapor pressure, high toxicity, and high viscosity of TNT, this article used a chemical method to synthesize a new carrier explosive BFTNAN. The prepared samples...
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Machine learning-guided property prediction of energetic materials: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives
September 2022
Predicting chemical properties is one of the most important applications of machine learning. In recent years, the prediction of the properties of energetic materials using machine learning has been...
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On-site trace detection of explosives: From ultra-sensitive SERS to integrated detection technology
March 2025
In light of escalating global tensions and the persistent frequency of terrorist incidents, explosives have caused unpredictable serious environmental problems in the worldwide. The imperative for rapid,...
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Review of the phonon calculations for energetic crystals and their applications
June 2021
The phonon is one of the most important elementary excitation in solid system, as a gene related to the thermal properties and chemical stability of energetic materials. This paper reviews the molecular...
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Successful development of HAN based green propellant
September 2021
Research and development of Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate based liquid propellant; SHP-163 is reviewed. Starting from the composition selection of the propellant to the development of 1 N thruster of Green...
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Atomic force microscopy in energetic materials research: A review
December 2022
Modern trends in the development of energetic materials include the various methods of particle surface modification and the widespread use of nanosized powders. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a useful,...
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Nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials
June 2023
This review provides numerous studies on nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials including oxadiazole, tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole and tetrazine. The article mainly...
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