Simple synthesis of monocyclic pyrimidine-based energetic molecule with “amino–nitro–hydrazino” arrangement
June 2025
•2,4-Diamino-6-hydrazineyl-5-nitropyrimidine (3) with a monocyclic structure was designed and synthesized by the two-step reaction.•Compound 3 features an alternating “amino–nitro–hydrazino” arrangement.•Compound...
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Understanding of the bond dissociation energy of C-NO2 in five- and six-membered N-heteroaromatic derivatives
June 2025
A clear structure-sensitivity relationship in energetic molecules is beneficial for designing energetic materials. At the molecular level, sensitivity is closely related to the bond dissociation energy...
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Kinetic research on the curing reaction of PBT/BPS via FT-IR measurements
June 2025
To investigate the reaction process between 3,3′-bis(aminomethyl)oxetane/tetrahydrofuran copolymer(PBT) binder and acetylenic curing agents, this study employed bis-propargyl-succinate (BPS) as the...
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Research progress on the synthesis of energetic N-oxides based on diazine, triazine and tetrazine
June 2025
The skeleton structures of azine (including diazine, triazine and tetrazine) are widely used as important candidate for building good performance energetic materials due to their uniform electron distribution,...
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Numerical optimization of Hall effect thruster with variation in magnetic field
June 2025
In the present study, numerical analyses were conducted to enhance the strength of the magnetic field. While electromagnetic coils and permanent magnets have conventionally been used for this purpose,...
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Catalytic effects of transition metal oxides on HTPB-based fuel polymer matrices
June 2025
Low regression rate due to difficult pyrolysis is a major challenge in the practical application of terminated hydroxyl‑terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based fuels in hybrid rocket propulsion. Accelerating...
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Influence of ammonium nitrate incorporation on the thermal decomposition kinetics of nitrostarch-based energetic composite
June 2025
The primary objective of this study was the development of a novel energetic composite formulation, focusing on the elucidation of the influence of incorporating an energetic oxidizer, ammonium nitrate...
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Advancing nitrocellulose thermal stability through the incorporation of ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite for enhanced performance
June 2025
In this study, cellulose nitrate (NC), a highly energetic polymer, was supplemented with two distinct classes of stabilizing agents: the usual diphenylamine (DPA) and zeolite molecular sieves (ZSM-5)...
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Trinitroethyl nitropyrazole-3-carboxylates
June 2025
Image, graphical abstractThe esterification of nitropyrazole-3-carboxylic acids with 2,2,2-trinitroethyl hydrogen sulfate, prepared in situ from trinitroethanol and sulfurochloridic acid, was realized...
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Comprehensive analysis of tubular combustion chambers in Turbo-Ramjet engines for enhanced hypersonic propulsion
June 2025
•The tubular combustion chamber is meticulously designed for Turbo-Ramjet engines at lower Mach numbers, incorporating Turbocharger intake parameters.•Importance of evenly spaced primary, secondary,...
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Unleashing the Power of Deep Learning: A Novel Approach for Defect Detection in Solid Rocket Motor
Available online 28 June 2025
High-Energy Materials (HEMs), particularly those integral to solid rocket motors are linchpins of mission success and safety. Detecting defects within a solid rocket motor is challenging but crucial...
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Enhancing Energetic features of HTPB binder through nitro-functionalization and nitrocellulose doping
Available online 21 June 2025
This study presents a double modification strategy to enhance hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) properties as an energetic binder. HTPB was chemically nitrated to obtain nitro-HTPB (NHTPB), then...
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Impact of temperature and humidity on the thermal decomposition behavior and the ignition characteristics of Si-based pyrotechnic delay composition
Available online 20 June 2025
This study focuses on analyzing the degradation, ignition, and combustion behavior of a silicon (Si)-based pyrotechnic delay mixture. A comparative analysis is conducted between a fresh sample and one...
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Study on the influence of temperature and compressive stress on mechanical properties of porous propellants with special shapes
Available online 18 June 2025
The mechanical properties of new propellants are an important basis for studying the internal stress propagation and damage mechanism of barreled weapons during use. Taking the porous special-shaped...
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Evaluation of Burning Rate in ECSP Based on the Voltage, Pressure and Initial Temperature
Available online 11 June 2025
Electrically controlled solid propellants (ECSP) have attracted extensive attention due to the tunable burning rate. The burning rate of ECSP determines the applying background of propellants and rocket...
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Preparation and performance characterization of HMX/F2602/GQDs microspheres by spray drying method
Available online 6 June 2025
GQDs possess numerous active sites, nano-microstructures, and photo-induced conductivity characteristics. In this study, spray drying technology was employed to explore the application of graphene quantum...
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Study on erosion prediction model of high-energy gun propellant based on machine learning
Available online 2 June 2025
The erosion characteristics is an important reference index that affects the popularization and application of RDX-based high-energy gun propellant containing energetic plasticizer Diazidonitrazapentane...
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Thermal decomposition behavior and safety assessment of Diazidoglyoxime (DAzG) synthesis for TKX-50 production: A calorimetric and risk classification study
Available online 27 May 2025
Diazidoglyoxime (DAzG), a pivotal intermediate in the synthesis of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bis-tetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)—a high-energy-density explosive with growing applications in defense and...
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Modeling and optimization of pyrotechnic compositions using central composite design and response surface methodology
Available online 9 May 2025
This study focuses on optimizing pyrotechnic compositions containing boron (B) and boron carbide (B4C) as fuels and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as the oxidizer. A Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response...
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Investigation on ignition overpressure wave characteristics and its ambience in launch pad
April 2025
Large solid rocket motors are widely used as booster stages as well as in core stages of heavy lift launch vehicles due to its simple operation and high thrust delivery capability compared to other...
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Ballistic performance of alumina/carbon fiber/aramid composite against impact of different projectile shapes
April 2025
This study explores the ballistic performance of an alumina/carbon fibre/KevlarⓇ aramid composite panel against impacts from various projectile shapes, including ogive, conical, cylindrical, hemispherical,...
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New X-ray based characterization technique for aluminized explosives and effect of aluminum proportion on velocity of detonation
April 2025
Explosive samples of aluminized compositions based on RDX/HMX-TNT have been investigated using digital radiography comprising a flat panel detector and an ultra-fine focus X-ray tube. Melt-cast aluminized...
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Experimental and numerical investigation on combustion characteristics of double large cube RDX-based NEPE solid propellant burning in an atmospheric environment
April 2025
When two solid propellant fire sources are in close proximity, their combustion characteristics may interact, leading to the phenomenon known as dual-fire source solid propellant fire. This study aims...
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Development of hydrogen peroxide based micro thruster utilizing biomass-based catalyst bed
April 2025
Micro thrusters, also referred to as micro-newton thrusters, are thrusters having a wide range of force capabilities in the micro-newton range. Micro thrusters are used in CubeSats, tiny robots and...
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Performance estimation of hybrid rocket by varying the flow rate at multi-location swirl injector
April 2025
This study attempts to evaluate the effect of varying the oxidizer mass flow rate through the secondary mid-location swirl injector on the performance of a hybrid rocket motor (HRM). The hybrid fuel...
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