Assessing winter climate change using cumulative sub-zero temperatures
Available online 22 May 2026
Winter mean and extreme temperature indices obscure the cumulative sub-zero temperature deficit relevant to freeze–thaw processes. However, systematic assessment of the variability and drivers of these...
A machine learning framework for altitude-dependent soil moisture retrieval in the Chinese Altai Mountains
Available online 20 May 2026
Soil moisture (SM) is a critical component of the Earth system, serving as a key link between the atmosphere and the land surface through water, energy, and ecological processes. However, existing SM...
High-resolution TLS surveys reveal limitations of stake networks on Dongkemadi Glacier (2017–2023)
Available online 20 May 2026
Glacier mass changes near termini are spatially heterogeneous, yet traditional stake networks sample only a sparse subset of this variability. Here, we use repeated high-resolution terrestrial laser...
From least-cost to targeted demand-side mitigation: Quantifying power sector transformation, its socio-economic and sustainability impacts
Available online 15 May 2026
There is a growing need for pathways that move beyond endogenous, ‘least-cost’ (price-responsive) demand-side mitigation toward targeted and explicit reductions that are ambitious and climate relevant....
Asymmetric climatic responses to permanent glacier and snow cover reduction over the Tibetan Plateau
Available online 15 May 2026
Global warming has driven a marked reduction in permanent glacier and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), yet how this loss quantitatively and mechanistically feeds back onto regional climate...
Disentangling hydrological thresholds and runoff mechanisms across contrasting two climatic zones: Evidence from mountain watersheds
Available online 14 May 2026
Understanding hydrological thresholds and runoff generation mechanisms across contrasting climatic zones remains a major challenge for improving flood prediction under climate change. However, existing...
Nighttime warming amplifies the synergistic effects of snowmelt and rain on floods in arid northwestern China
Available online 14 May 2026
Nighttime warming profoundly affects the hydrological cycle in arid northwestern China. However, it remains unclear why nighttime warming triggers floods. Given the increasing severity of extreme floods,...
East Asian summer rainfall changes in carbon dioxide removal scenarios simulated by nine Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Comparison Project (CDRMIP) models
Available online 14 May 2026
The response of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation to global warming and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) depends strongly on the model used. This study systematically analysed the response...
Unprecedented 2025 glacier mass loss in Pamir
Available online 8 May 2026
Recent extreme heat events have caused exceptional glacier mass loss worldwide. However, their impact on Pamir–Karakoram glaciers with anomalously stable or slightly positive mass balances remains unclear....
State of polar climate (2025)
Available online 7 May 2026
Against the backdrop of successive global temperature records in past years, polar climate has exhibited high interannual variability. Consequently, maintaining a timely understanding of recent polar...
Geographical differences in marine heatwaves across global coral reef zones
Available online 5 May 2026
Coral reefs worldwide are suffering from severe bleaching due to their high sensitivity to the prolonged and intense marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, the geographical differences in MHW characteristics...
Quantitative attribution of climate change effects on the 2023 North China heatwave
Available online 4 May 2026
In early summer 2023, an extreme heatwave swept across North China (NC), with the regional average maximum temperature reaching its highest level since 1961, which pose severe risks to socio-ecological...
Improved decadal predictions of East Asian summer temperature based on decadal increment and observational constraint
Available online 30 April 2026
Against the backdrop of global warming, East Asian summer temperature exhibits distinct decadal variability, making its reliable prediction crucial for climate adaptation and mitigation; however, current...
Evaluation of ERA5, ERA5-Land, CERRA and NEWA datasets in reproducing observed near-surface wind speeds across Spain
Available online 30 April 2026
Near-surface wind speed (NSWS) is a key variable for climate and energy applications, yet it remains difficult to model because of its sensitivity to local conditions that are often inadequately represented...
Optimising future scenarios of forest fire occurrence in Daxing'anling using long-term survey data and intelligent modelling
April 2026
The Daxing'anling Mountains, as a climate-sensitive region, are experiencing forest fires that threaten the area's ecological security. Nevertheless, most of the existing fire prediction models are...
Assessing climate and transition risks to China’s agriculture under 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios
April 2026
China’s agriculture faces dual risks from climate change and the transition to low-carbon agriculture, both of which pose substantial threats to food security and farmers' incomes. Understanding the...
Daily imaging from China's HJ-2A/B satellites enables yearly mapping of regional glacial lakes
April 2026
The rapid expansion of glacial lakes in high-mountain regions, both in number and area, increases the risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) to downstream communities. Optical remote sensing is...
Impact of black carbon and mineral dust on glacier melting in central Tienshan
April 2026
The light absorbing impurities (LAIs), primarily black carbon (BC) and mineral dust (MD), can darken the glacier surface, enhance radiative forcing absorption, and then accelerate glacier melting, which...
Scalable rain–snow discrimination in glacierized regions using tower observations and time-lapse imagery
April 2026
Precipitation plays a crucial role in controlling glacier mass balance, yet accurately distinguishing rainfall from snowfall in high-altitude glacierized regions remains difficult due to the limits...
Prevailing thermal models underestimate permafrost thermal state in the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for cryosphere adaptation
April 2026
Understanding thermal dynamics of permafrost is essential for maintaining the cryosphere eco-hydrological system and infrastructure. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) serves as a key indicator...
Negligible global but substantial regional effect of vegetation greening on the 21st century permafrost
April 2026
Vegetation, as a key component of terrestrial ecosystems, influences surface energy, carbon and water balances, and indirectly affects permafrost dynamics. However, under the background of climate warming,...
Latitudinal gradients in runoff dynamics across undisturbed Eurasian permafrost rivers under accelerating climate change
April 2026
While the impacts of permafrost degradation on Eurasian river discharge are well-documented, a systematic understanding of how these impacts vary across latitudes—critical for predicting continental...
Climate change projections over mid-high latitudes Northern Asia using an ensemble of RegCM5 simulations
April 2026
Mid-high latitudes Northern Asia (NAS) is highly sensitive to global warming, yet remains understudied—particularly for high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) based future climate change projections....
Spatiotemporal dynamics of polynyas and their relationships with phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
April 2026
Phytoplankton bloom is closely tied to the seasonal evolution of Antarctic coastal polynyas, yet a phenology-based framework linking polynya dynamics to bloom spatiotemporal patterns and phase-specific...
