Assessing the susceptibility to thaw settlement hazards in circum-Arctic permafrost regions during 2000‒2020
Available online 5 June 2026
Arctic permafrost is experiencing unprecedented degradation, and the resulting thaw settlement hazards pose severe threats to the life and infrastructure of local people. However, a gap remains in our...
Global multidecadal SST modes and their synchronized influence on temperature variability
Available online 2 June 2026
Multidecadal climate variability is important for improving climate prediction and informing mitigation strategies. However, well-known oceanic modes such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and...
Future drought intensification and socioeconomic exposure in Pakistan under different SSP scenarios
Available online 1 June 2026
Climate change intensifies global drought risk through altered precipitation, rising temperatures, and increased evaporative demand. Yet, drought assessments in Pakistan largely rely on single indices...
Are glaciers actually critical for basin runoff in the northern Qilian Mountains, Northwest China?
Available online 1 June 2026
The narrative of glaciers as a water resource has led to the perception that glaciers are critical to basin runoff, especially in arid regions. Substantial discrepancies exist among quantifying the...
The mediating role of executive decisions in linking low-carbon city pilots to corporate action
Available online 30 May 2026
Corporations are key actors in urban climate governance and play an important role in achieving low-carbon policy goals. While prior research recognizes the importance of executives in promoting green...
Widespread extreme precipitation events and associated population exposure have escalated rapidly across China during 1979–2024
Available online 29 May 2026
Extreme precipitation events with widespread spatial extents (WEPEs) typically lead to greater losses than localized ones, posing severe threats to human health and the economy. Despite their substantial...
A strategy to estimate high-resolution albedo radiative perturbations and kernels of both surface and TOA from satellite observations
Available online 27 May 2026
Surface albedo variations exert an important influence on the Earth's radiation budget, yet their long-term radiative impacts remain difficult to quantify at high spatial resolution using conventional...
Variations and driving factors of annual frequency of near-surface freeze‒thaw cycles in China‒Mongolia‒Russia from 1975 to 2024
Available online 27 May 2026
Annual near-surface freeze–thaw cycles (NSAFTCs) provide a direct measure of the number of times the ground surface freezes and thaws in a year. NSAFTCs are key indicators of climate–land interactions...
Spatiotemporal dynamics of livestock losses due to snow disasters and the role of hypoxic environment across the Qinghai Plateau
Available online 26 May 2026
Livestock snow disasters occur when heavy snow covers grasslands, preventing livestock from accessing forage and exposing them to extreme cold and starvation. Reducing the risk of such disasters requires...
Interpretable machine learning reveals how climate shapes precipitation isotopes across China
Available online 26 May 2026
In precipitation, the ratios of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) serve as important indicators of hydroclimatic processes. However, the spatial distribution of these isotope ratios...
Escalating population and land exposure to human-perceived heatwaves in China: Insights from excess heat factor
Available online 26 May 2026
Current assessments of human-perceived heatwaves (HPHWs) primarily incorporate the synergistic effects of temperature and humidity but largely neglect the influences of local antecedent heat conditions...
Machine learning-based assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological drought in the Yangtze River basin, 1985–2020
Available online 23 May 2026
Most previous studies on hydrological drought attribution rely on hydrological models or traditional statistical methods, which either require extensive forcing data or fail to capture nonlinear relationships...
Differentiated associations of daytime and nighttime heatwaves with long-term survival: A nationwide population-based cohort in China
Available online 23 May 2026
The mortality impacts of short-term heatwave exposure are well-documented globally, while cohort evidence linking long-term survival to daytime and nighttime heatwaves remains scarce. Based on a dynamic...
Assessing winter climate change using cumulative sub-zero temperatures
Available online 22 May 2026
Winter mean and extreme temperature indices obscure the cumulative sub-zero temperature deficit relevant to freeze–thaw processes. However, systematic assessment of the variability and drivers of these...
A machine learning framework for altitude-dependent soil moisture retrieval in the Chinese Altai Mountains
Available online 20 May 2026
Soil moisture (SM) is a critical component of the Earth system, serving as a key link between the atmosphere and the land surface through water, energy, and ecological processes. However, existing SM...
High-resolution TLS surveys reveal limitations of stake networks on Dongkemadi Glacier (2017–2023)
Available online 20 May 2026
Glacier mass changes near termini are spatially heterogeneous, yet traditional stake networks sample only a sparse subset of this variability. Here, we use repeated high-resolution terrestrial laser...
From least-cost to targeted demand-side mitigation: Quantifying power sector transformation, its socio-economic and sustainability impacts
Available online 15 May 2026
There is a growing need for pathways that move beyond endogenous, ‘least-cost’ (price-responsive) demand-side mitigation toward targeted and explicit reductions that are ambitious and climate relevant....
Asymmetric climatic responses to permanent glacier and snow cover reduction over the Tibetan Plateau
Available online 15 May 2026
Global warming has driven a marked reduction in permanent glacier and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), yet how this loss quantitatively and mechanistically feeds back onto regional climate...
Disentangling hydrological thresholds and runoff mechanisms across contrasting two climatic zones: Evidence from mountain watersheds
Available online 14 May 2026
Understanding hydrological thresholds and runoff generation mechanisms across contrasting climatic zones remains a major challenge for improving flood prediction under climate change. However, existing...
Nighttime warming amplifies the synergistic effects of snowmelt and rain on floods in arid northwestern China
Available online 14 May 2026
Nighttime warming profoundly affects the hydrological cycle in arid northwestern China. However, it remains unclear why nighttime warming triggers floods. Given the increasing severity of extreme floods,...
East Asian summer rainfall changes in carbon dioxide removal scenarios simulated by nine Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Comparison Project (CDRMIP) models
Available online 14 May 2026
The response of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation to global warming and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) depends strongly on the model used. This study systematically analysed the response...
Unprecedented 2025 glacier mass loss in Pamir
Available online 8 May 2026
Recent extreme heat events have caused exceptional glacier mass loss worldwide. However, their impact on Pamir–Karakoram glaciers with anomalously stable or slightly positive mass balances remains unclear....
State of polar climate (2025)
Available online 7 May 2026
Against the backdrop of successive global temperature records in past years, polar climate has exhibited high interannual variability. Consequently, maintaining a timely understanding of recent polar...
Geographical differences in marine heatwaves across global coral reef zones
Available online 5 May 2026
Coral reefs worldwide are suffering from severe bleaching due to their high sensitivity to the prolonged and intense marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, the geographical differences in MHW characteristics...
