Interannual modulation of summer precipitation over North China by the coupled tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode
January 2026
Using multi-source reanalysis data, this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode (TPA-DM) and summer precipitation in North China (NCSP) on the interannual...
Forecast errors of tropical cyclone track and intensity by the China Meteorological Administration from 2013 to 2022
January 2026
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone (TC) forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022, based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological...
Different effects of eastern and central Pacific El Niño events on the surface shortwave radiation over southern China in winter
January 2026
This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation (SSR) in southern China, revealing different spatial...
Decadal shift in Northeast China’s precipitation around 2000
January 2026
Northeast China (NEC), a critical agricultural and ecological zone, has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming, with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience....
An effective deep-learning prediction of Arctic sea-ice concentration based on the U-Net model
January 2026
Current shipping, tourism, and resource development requirements call for more accurate predictions of the Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC). However, due to the complex physical processes involved,...
Latent and sensible heat fluxes in a very unstable atmospheric surface layer and weak-wind conditions in a tropical coastal ocean
January 2026
The atmospheric surface layer of the tropical coastal ocean is commonly very unstable and experiences weak-wind conditions. How the latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes behave under such conditions...
Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
January 2026
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
Tropical cyclone secondary eyewall width modulation: Differential impacts of surface environmental wind–vertical shear alignment and counter-alignment configurations
January 2026
This study investigates the width of the secondary eyewall (SE) immediately following its formation in tropical cyclones with surface environmental winds aligned and counter-aligned with environmental...
Mechanisms of ENSO’s cross-seasonal modulation of winter–spring atmospheric river activity over East Asia
January 2026
In this study, based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data and a multi-algorithm integrated atmospheric river (AR) identification method, the authors reveal the cross-seasonal regulation mechanism of El Niño–Southern...
A novel deep learning-based framework for five‐day regional weather forecasting
January 2026
Deep learning-based methods have become alternatives to traditional numerical weather prediction systems, offering faster computation and the ability to utilize large historical datasets. However, the...
Typhoon Kompasu (2118) simulation with planetary boundary layer and cloud physics parameterization improvements
January 2026
This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model. The impact of these two parameterization...
Relationship between the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO and their effect on summer precipitation in China
January 2026
Based on reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021, this study explores the spatial distribution of the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and its individual and synergistic effects with the El Niño–Southern...
Feedback of Tropics–Arctic linkages to Northern Hemisphere warming might be modulated by ENSO diversity in the future
Available online 27 December 2025
The climate coupling between the tropics and the Arctic not only modulates Arctic amplification but may also induces substantial feedbacks to the Northern Hemisphere and even the global climate. Here,...
Transient simulation of the spatiotemporal evolution of tropical cyclone genesis potential during the Holocene
Available online 27 December 2025
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most destructive weather systems, yet their long-term variability under different climate forcings remains poorly constrained due to limited observational records....
Distinct pantropical climate interactions modulate the decay pace of Central Pacific El Niño events
Available online 26 December 2025
The decay pace of Central Pacific (CP) El Niño events, a critical factor influencing global climate patterns and seasonal predictability, has remained poorly understood and difficult to forecast. This...
Synoptic regimes contributing to summer clustered extreme precipitation events in Northeast China
Available online 19 December 2025
Recently, the frequency and intensity of clustered extreme precipitation events (CEPEs) have increased markedly worldwide, causing considerable economic losses and human fatalities. In this study, four...
The dominant role of the Indian Ocean Dipole in shaping the barotropic structure of Indonesian throughflow outflow interannual variability: Insights from the 2006–2007 positive Indian Ocean Dipole events
Available online 5 December 2025
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) outflow channels are influenced by the combined effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), making it difficult to quantify their individual...
Heatwaves induce blood pressure elevations in elderly hypertensive populations: Evidence from a panel study
Available online 4 December 2025
Climate change has intensified extreme heat events, increasing cardiovascular risk, especially among older individuals with hypertension, due to compromised thermoregulation and vascular function. This...
Wind stress variability at the meso–gamma scale: Comparative observations from two adjacent offshore towers
Available online 4 December 2025
The spatial variability of wind stress was investigated through eddy covariance measurements conducted at two offshore towers separated by 8.6 km. Observations showed that while wind speed spatial variability...
Influence of the stratosphere on surface air temperature in China during boreal winter
Available online 4 December 2025
This study investigates the influence of the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere on winter surface air temperature (SAT) in China, based on the JRA-55 reanalysis dataset and simulations using CAM6. The...
Impact of assimilating ground-based Doppler wind lidar data on forecasts of a heavy rainfall event in Shanghai after the passage of severe tropical storm Co-may (2025)
Available online 1 December 2025
Due to high measurement accuracy in detecting boundary layer winds and good portability, ground-based Doppler wind lidar (DWL) stations are increasingly deployed in China to support the development...
Ultra-short-term global horizontal irradiance forecasting in China based on satellite and numerical weather prediction models
Available online 1 December 2025
To address deficiencies in cloud initialization for numerical weather prediction, this study integrates Fengyun-4B (FY-4B) geostationary satellite products with the Rapid-refresh Multi-scale Analysis...
Synoptic background conditions and moisture transport for producing the extreme heavy rainfall event in Valencia in 2024
November 2025
From 26 October to 2 November 2024, Spain experienced a record-breaking rainfall event, with the most intense episode appearing in Valencia Province. During the event, Turis station recorded a historic...
The extreme windstorm of April 2025 in northern and central-eastern China: Historical ranking and synoptic origins
November 2025
In mid-April 2025, northern and central-eastern China experienced a catastrophic compound disaster marked by Beaufort 8 or greater wind gusts affecting ∼3.5 × 106 km2, exposing ∼610 million residents...
Bias characteristics of cloud diurnal variation in the FGOALS-f3-L model
November 2025
Cloud diurnal variation is crucial for regulating cloud radiative effects and atmospheric dynamics. However, it is often overlooked in the evaluation and development of climate models. Thus, this study...