Interannual modulation of summer precipitation over North China by the coupled tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode
January 2026
Using multi-source reanalysis data, this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode (TPA-DM) and summer precipitation in North China (NCSP) on the interannual...
Forecast errors of tropical cyclone track and intensity by the China Meteorological Administration from 2013 to 2022
January 2026
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone (TC) forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022, based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological...
Different effects of eastern and central Pacific El Niño events on the surface shortwave radiation over southern China in winter
January 2026
This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation (SSR) in southern China, revealing different spatial...
Decadal shift in Northeast China’s precipitation around 2000
January 2026
Northeast China (NEC), a critical agricultural and ecological zone, has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming, with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience....
An effective deep-learning prediction of Arctic sea-ice concentration based on the U-Net model
January 2026
Current shipping, tourism, and resource development requirements call for more accurate predictions of the Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC). However, due to the complex physical processes involved,...
Latent and sensible heat fluxes in a very unstable atmospheric surface layer and weak-wind conditions in a tropical coastal ocean
January 2026
The atmospheric surface layer of the tropical coastal ocean is commonly very unstable and experiences weak-wind conditions. How the latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes behave under such conditions...
Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
January 2026
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
Tropical cyclone secondary eyewall width modulation: Differential impacts of surface environmental wind–vertical shear alignment and counter-alignment configurations
January 2026
This study investigates the width of the secondary eyewall (SE) immediately following its formation in tropical cyclones with surface environmental winds aligned and counter-aligned with environmental...
Mechanisms of ENSO’s cross-seasonal modulation of winter–spring atmospheric river activity over East Asia
January 2026
In this study, based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data and a multi-algorithm integrated atmospheric river (AR) identification method, the authors reveal the cross-seasonal regulation mechanism of El Niño–Southern...
A novel deep learning-based framework for five‐day regional weather forecasting
January 2026
Deep learning-based methods have become alternatives to traditional numerical weather prediction systems, offering faster computation and the ability to utilize large historical datasets. However, the...
Typhoon Kompasu (2118) simulation with planetary boundary layer and cloud physics parameterization improvements
January 2026
This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model. The impact of these two parameterization...
Relationship between the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO and their effect on summer precipitation in China
January 2026
Based on reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021, this study explores the spatial distribution of the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and its individual and synergistic effects with the El Niño–Southern...
Synoptic background conditions and moisture transport for producing the extreme heavy rainfall event in Valencia in 2024
November 2025
From 26 October to 2 November 2024, Spain experienced a record-breaking rainfall event, with the most intense episode appearing in Valencia Province. During the event, Turis station recorded a historic...
The extreme windstorm of April 2025 in northern and central-eastern China: Historical ranking and synoptic origins
November 2025
In mid-April 2025, northern and central-eastern China experienced a catastrophic compound disaster marked by Beaufort 8 or greater wind gusts affecting ∼3.5 × 106 km2, exposing ∼610 million residents...
Bias characteristics of cloud diurnal variation in the FGOALS-f3-L model
November 2025
Cloud diurnal variation is crucial for regulating cloud radiative effects and atmospheric dynamics. However, it is often overlooked in the evaluation and development of climate models. Thus, this study...
Historical and future climate changes impact global solar photovoltaic power potential: Role of key meteorological variables
November 2025
Renewable energy, especially solar power, is vital for mitigating global warming, while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential (PVpot). This study analyzes historical (1985–2014) and...
A reversal of upper-air wind speed in the Northern Hemisphere
November 2025
Previous studies have indicated a global reversal of near-surface wind speeds from a declining trend to an increasing trend around 2010; however, it remains unclear whether upper-air wind speeds exhibit...
Interannual variability of short rains in Tanzania and the influences from ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole
November 2025
Tanzania is mainly subject to a bimodal rainfall pattern, characterized by two distinct seasons: the long rains, occurring from March to May, and the short rains, which typically take place from October...
Mechanistic study of a downhill merging and enhancement of convection in Beijing
November 2025
Numerical simulation of the merging of a thunderstorm cluster from the mountain area near Beijing and a thunderstorm over the adjacent plains on 23 August 2021, along with a diagnosis and analysis of...
A new approach for identifying dominant cloud types and relationships between cloud types and precipitation vertical structure in tropical regions
November 2025
Cloud type profoundly affects precipitation, but few studies have explored its impact on precipitation scale height. The authors calculated the ratio of the volume of each cloud type to the total cloud...
High-skill members in the subseasonal forecast ensemble of extreme cold events in East Asia
November 2025
Subseasonal forecasting of extreme events is crucial for early warning systems. However, the forecast skills for extreme events are limited. Taking the extreme cold events in January 2018 as a specific...
Attribution of regional Hadley circulation intensity changes in the Northern Hemisphere
November 2025
The discrepancy in the trends of the global zonal mean (GZM) intensity of the Hadley circulation (HCI) between reanalysis data and model simulations has been a problem for understanding the changes...
The evolving distribution of humidity conditional on temperature and implications for compound heat extremes across China in a warming world
November 2025
The likelihood of extreme heat occurrence is continuously increasing with global warming. Under high temperatures, humidity may exacerbate the heat impact on humanity. As atmospheric humidity depends...
Principal modes of summer NDVI in eastern Siberia and its climate prediction schemes
November 2025
Based on a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset for 1982–2021, this work investigates the principal modes of interannual variability in summer NDVI over eastern Siberia using the year-to-year...
Application of orthogonal CNOP-I in a convection-allowing ensemble prediction system based on CMA-MESO for improving extreme precipitation skill
Available online 27 November 2025
Atmospheric motions are inherently nonlinear, and high-impact weather events are often associated with the rapid amplification of initial perturbations within such nonlinear flows. Ensemble prediction...