Evaluating vector winds over eastern China in 2022 predicted by the CMA-MESO model and ECMWF forecast
July 2025
Vector winds play a crucial role in weather and climate, as well as the effective utilization of wind energy resources. However, limited research has been conducted on treating the wind field as a vector...
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Impacts of meteorological conditions on the NASM pollution data assimilation system
July 2025
Since meteorological conditions are the main factor driving the transport and dispersion of air pollutants, an accurate simulation of the meteorological field will directly affect the accuracy of the...
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Fluctuations in the relationship between the Silk Road Pattern and the summer North Atlantic Oscillation
July 2025
This study investigated the fluctuations in the relationship between the Silk Road Pattern (SRP) and the boreal summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO). The results indicated that the SRP–SNAO relationship...
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Evaluation of the simulation performance of WRF-Solar for a summer month in China using ground observation network data
July 2025
Solar energy is a pivotal clean energy source in the transition to carbon neutrality from fossil fuels. However, the intermittent and stochastic characteristics of solar radiation pose challenges for...
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Impact of the Changbai Mountains’ topography on spring fog over the Bohai Sea
July 2025
Fog is a highly complex weather phenomenon influenced by numerous factors. This study investigated the impact of the Changbai Mountains’ topography on the formation and development of spring fog in...
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The asymmetry of air temperature: A new potential method to predict precipitation frequency
July 2025
There is a significant bias in the precipitation frequency (PF) obtained from numerical model simulations. In this study, the authors use the temperature asymmetry (TA) as an indirect indicator to predict...
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GF-4 high-resolution texture and FY-4A multispectral data fusion: Two case studies for enhancing early convective cloud detection
July 2025
Early detection of convective clouds is vital for minimizing hazardous impacts. Forecasting convective initiation (CI) using current multispectral geostationary meteorological satellites is often challenged...
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Employment of an Arctic sea-ice data assimilation scheme in the coupled climate system model FGOALS-f3-L and its preliminary results
July 2025
Arctic sea ice is an important component of the global climate system and has experienced rapid changes during in the past few decades, the prediction of which is a significant application for climate...
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Visible and shortwave-infrared spectral characteristics of mixed-phase clouds in typical satellite radiometer channels
July 2025
Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) involve complex microphysical and dynamical processes of cloud formation and dissipation, which are crucial for numerical weather prediction and cloud-climate feedback. However,...
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Prediction of net primary productivity in the middle-to-high latitudes of Eurasia based on snow and soil temperature
July 2025
Net primary productivity (NPP) is the net accumulation of organic matter by vegetation through photosynthesis and serves as a key indicator for exploring vegetation responses to climate change. Considering...
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Global warming intensifies once-in-a-decade extreme precipitation in summer in China
July 2025
The intensification of extreme precipitation (EP) under global warming presents a substantial risk to human safety and societal progress. Studying the specific impacts of global warming on rare EP events...
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The increase in hot–dry events with a high risk of mortality in China associated with the phase transition of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
July 2025
Compound extreme climate events involving multiple meteorological elements usually have a more severe impact on the environment and human health than single-element extreme events. However, the current...
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State of China’s climate in 2024
Available online 9 June 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
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Climate change projections in Central Asia based on the CORDEX-CA-II high-resolution simulations
Available online 8 June 2025
This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia (CA) based on multi-regional climate model (RCM) outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia...
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Mechanisms of ENSO’s cross-seasonal modulation of winter–spring atmospheric river activity over East Asia
Available online 6 June 2025
In this study, based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data and a multi-algorithm integrated atmospheric river (AR) identification method, we reveal the cross-seasonal regulation mechanism of El Niño–Southern Oscillation...
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Infrared brightness temperature–based indicators for identifying thunderstorm clouds: Insights from FY-4A satellite observations
Available online 2 June 2025
Accurate monitoring and timely identification of early indicators of thunderstorms are of paramount importance in preventing and mitigating the potential disasters associated with such meteorological...
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Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on global fire PM2.5 during 2000–2023
May 2025
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a key driver of global climate variability, profoundly influencing regional fire activities and associated pollutant emissions. This study investigates the...
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Spatiotemporal characteristics of Universal Thermal Climate Index during five-year return period extreme heat events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
May 2025
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health. However, the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied....
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Improving subseasonal forecasting of East Asian monsoon precipitation with deep learning
May 2025
Accurate subseasonal forecasting of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation is crucial, as it directly impacts the livelihoods of billions. However, the prediction skill of state-of-the-art subseasonal-to-seasonal...
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Upper-ocean cooling rate of the South China Sea in response to extreme cold surges and weak cold-air invasions
May 2025
Cold-surge events can lead to temperature drops and strong winds, which then leads to upper-ocean cooling and deepening of the mixed-layer depth, as illustrated in previous studies. In this study, based...
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A maximum sea surface salinity tongue in the North Brazil continental shelf
May 2025
The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum (a salty tongue) in the northwestern...
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Analyzing uncertainty and constraining projections for future vegetation in mid-to-high-latitude Asia
May 2025
Mid-to-high-latitude Asia (MHA) is one of the regions most impacted by global warming and is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on its ecosystems. The future vegetation changes in this...
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Effects of ocean wave spectra on the polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function matrix at Ku‐band and its implications on satellite backscattering simulations
May 2025
A polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) matrix is developed from two-scale roughness theory with the aim of providing more accurate simulations of microwave emissions and...
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Long-term variations of the solar energy in different subregions of Northwest China and associated mechanisms
May 2025
As a type of clean and pollution-free energy source, solar energy plays an important role in achieving the goals of carbon neutrality and global sustainable development. Northwest China occupies an...
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Physical characteristics of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds from CALIPSO data over the South China Sea
May 2025
Studying the characteristics and mechanisms of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds over the South China Sea is vital for their impact on regional climate dynamics, and enhancing predictive models...
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