Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence: Predictors and management
December 2023
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most common cancer globally, is associated with high mortality rates and more than 830,000 annual deaths. Despite advances in the available management options...
Current status and new directions for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis
December 2024
Liver cancer ranks as the sixth most common cancer globally, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for approximately 75%–85% of cases. Most patients present with moderately advanced disease,...
Portal vein tumor thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: Is it the end?
September 2024
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The incidence of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in HCC...
Similarities and differences between biliary sludge and microlithiasis: Their clinical and pathophysiological significances
December 2018
The terms biliary sludge and cholesterol microlithiasis (hereafter referred to as microlithiasis) were originated from different diagnostic techniques and may represent different stages of cholesterol...
Hepatitis B virus as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: There is still much work to do
June 2024
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant health problem that can result in progression to liver cirrhosis, decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On a country...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development: A multifactorial pathogenic phenomena
June 2022
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by the accumulation of excessive intrahepatic fat, is a leading metabolic disorder also considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic...
Viral hepatitis E: Clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention
March 2024
Hepatitis E is a globally distributed infection that varies in seroprevalence between developed and developing regions. In the less developed regions of Asia and Africa, a high seropositivity rate has...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Dietary and nutraceutical approaches
September 2023
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as the presence of fat accumulation in imaging or histology in more than 5% of hepatocytes and exclusion of other causes for secondary hepatic fat...
Hepatitis B virus integration and hepatocarcinogenesis
September 2025
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the predominant liver cancer type in Southeast Asia. Approximately 350 million individuals suffer from persistent...
Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis
June 2020
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1, EC1.14) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway. Much progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation...
Physical activity and exercise in liver cancer
March 2024
Sarcopenia and physical deconditioning are common complications in patients with liver cancer, which are frequently caused by insufficient physical activity and poor nutritional status, resulting in...
From bench to bedside: Molecular mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies in liver fibrosis
June 2026
Liver fibrosis is a key pathological process in the progression of chronic liver disease toward cirrhosis and liver failure. The development of liver fibrosis is closely related to a variety of etiologies,...
In-depth analysis of de novo lipogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mechanism and pharmacological interventions
December 2023
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the abnormal buildup of lipids in the liver tissue. Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Triglycerides...
Portopulmonary hypertension: Current developments and future perspectives
March 2022
Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is a severe pulmonary vascular disease secondary to portal hypertension and a subset of Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH). The pathological changes of POPH are indistinguishable...
Evolving B-mode ultrasound-based techniques for assessing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Now and beyond
June 2026
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, coinciding with the growing burden of obesity and type 2 diabetes...
Current and emerging therapies for alcohol-associated hepatitis
March 2023
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of diseases caused by excessive alcohol consumption. ALD includes hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, variable degrees of fibrosis, cirrhosis,...
Kupffer cells: Orchestrators of liver physiology
June 2026
As the central metabolic organ, the liver coordinates fundamental biological processes through its specialized cellular architecture and regulatory networks, encompassing metabolism, immunity, and regeneration....
Application of mesenchymal stem cells in liver fibrosis and regeneration
December 2024
Liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease (ESLD), but it is fraught with challenges such as immunosuppression, high risk and cost, and donor shortage. In...
Clinical perspectives of isoniazid-induced liver injury
June 2021
Isoniazid (INH) is a synthetic anti-mycobacterial agent used to treat active or latent tuberculosis (TB). INH has been in clinical use for nearly 70 years and remains broadly utilized at the front line...
Dysregulation of glutathione synthesis in liver disease
June 2020
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all mammalian tissues, is especially highly concentrated in the liver. GSH synthesis occurs via two adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-requiring enzymatic...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis: A review and update
December 2017
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic, cholestatic liver disease of uncertain etiology characterized biochemically by cholestasis and histologically and cholangiographically by fibro-obliterative...
Alcoholic liver disease: A current molecular and clinical perspective
December 2018
Heavy alcohol use is the cause of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The ALD spectrum ranges from alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In Western countries, approximately 50%...
Neuroendocrine tumors with hepatic metastases: A review of evolving treatment options
June 2018
Once considered exceptionally rare, neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are increasingly common and therefore of growing relevance to both clinicians and researchers. Most patients with such tumors present...
Cigarette smoking and alcohol-related liver disease
December 2024
China is a major consumer of alcohol and tobacco. Tobacco and alcohol use are closely linked, with up to 90% of alcoholics having a history of tobacco use, and heavy smokers also tending to be alcoholics....
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: An update on their metabolism and hepatotoxicity mechanism
December 2019
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are among the most hepatotoxic natural compounds that are widely distributed throughout the world. Most PAs are metabolically activated to trigger toxicity. Exposure to...