Phloretin targeting the 3CLpro Cys144 exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against swine enteric coronavirus
Available online 18 February 2026
Swine enteric coronavirus (SECoVs) infections cause severe watery diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. However, frequent mutations...
GlycoRNAs: Biological functions and novel antiviral targets
Available online 14 February 2026
•GlycoRNAs on host cell surfaces serve as adhesive molecules for viral internalization.•GlycoRNAs may interact with immunomodulatory receptors and facilitate immune recognition and responses.•Targeting...
Evidence of human exposure to tick-borne viruses based on viromes of ticks and presence of specific antibodies among patients in Hainan Island, Southern China
Available online 13 February 2026
Hainan Island, located in the South China Sea, is known as an area with diseases related to Rickettsia spp. or spirochete infection; however, the potential threat there from infection with tick-borne...
Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of HSV-1 reactivation from latently infected tree shrew and mouse trigeminal ganglia reveal differing molecular and cellular processes
Available online 12 February 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects over 70% of the population and establishes lifelong latent infection with periodic reactivation in humans, resulting in various related diseases. However,...
Desmoglein 2 (DSG2)-knockout human respiratory epithelial cell model to study species B adenovirus receptor usage
Available online 10 February 2026
With an increasing number of human adenoviruses identified, the selection of potential therapeutic vectors broadens. For safety reasons, achieving cell-specific gene delivery is crucial to minimize...
Advances in human respiratory organoid models for studying the pathogenesis and intervention strategies of COVID-19
Available online 5 February 2026
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects multiple organ systems, with the respiratory system being the primary target....
GP38 is a structural component of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus particles
Available online 5 February 2026
•LC-MS/MS analysis indicated comparable levels of GP38 and viral structural proteins (NP, Gn, Gc) in purified CCHFV particles.•Western blot and IEM results confirm the presence of GP38 in CCHFV particles.•CCHFV...
Nuclear translocation of Sp100A suppresses multiple DNA viruses and limits HSV-1 lytic replication in vivo
Available online 5 February 2026
Sp100 (Speckled protein 100 kDa), a key component of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, plays a pivotal role in intrinsic and innate immunity. The predominant isoform, Sp100A, has been shown...
The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination
Available online 5 February 2026
Influenza virus infections cause significant illness or death every year, becoming a serious health risk. Currently, influenza vaccines mainly induce responses to antibodies against specific strains,...
Development of a stable replicon system of a pangolin merbecovirus for antiviral screening
Available online 5 February 2026
•A replicon of the pangolin HKU4-related coronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV-1) containing a nanoluciferase reporter gene was constructed.•A stable BHK21 cell line carrying the replicon has been generated.•This...
Integrated multiplex PCR and metatranscriptomics reveal upper-lower airway microbial landscapes in pediatric respiratory infections
Available online 5 February 2026
Despite widespread use of multiple PCR, a substantial proportion of pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) lack identifiable pathogens and are classified as unknown etiology. The microbial...
Genomic evidence of HMPV resurgence in Beijing: Clade B2 triggers the 2024 winter epidemic peak
Available online 1 February 2026
With an unexpected increase of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cases in northern China since late 2024, concerns arose whether novel hMPV variants triggered this epidemic. Utilizing the Beijing Respiratory...
Pseudorabies virus TK protein antagonizes alpha interferon response by interfering with the JAK1-STAT1 interaction
Available online 29 January 2026
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, is the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease, which severely affects swine health and poses a potential zoonotic risk. PRV can...
Enhancing the stability of influenza a reporter viruses by recoding the gfp gene
Available online 29 January 2026
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and can cause global influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza outbreaks. Generation of recombinant IAV expressing a fluorescent...
Characteristics of humoral and T-cell immune responses in people living with HIV after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during December 2022 to January 2023
Available online 28 January 2026
Due to inherent immune deficiency, the characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immune responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) following breakthrough...
Systematic evaluation of HSV-1 Δ34.5Δ47 as a dual-function platform for attenuated HSV-1 vaccine and heterologous antigen delivery
Available online 23 January 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes lifelong latent infection and is associated with severe diseases, including herpes simplex encephalitis, neonatal herpes, and no licensed vaccine is currently...
Current status of dengue fever epidemics and vaccine development
Available online 21 January 2026
Dengue fever, an acute mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), is primarily endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. In recent years, the global incidence of dengue has...
Emergence and molecular characterization of bovine papular stomatitis virus in Chinese cattle
Available online 2 January 2026
•Virome profiling of calves presenting skin lesions enabled the identification of BPSV, IDV, BRAV, and RVA.•The near-complete genome of BPSV/HBSJZ/CHN/2024 showed the highest identity to the Iranian...
Multivalent display of Envelope protein domain III with Mi3 nanoparticles induces protective immunity against lethal Zika virus infection in mice
Available online 2 January 2026
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with severe neurological complications such as congenital microcephaly, yet no safe and effective vaccine is currently available. A critical challenge in ZIKV...
The effectiveness of two doses of Hecolin vaccine in response to outbreaks in resource-limited settings
December 2025
•The use of Hecolin vaccine with a 2-dose schedule can replace the 3-dose schedule during campaigns in HEV outbreak settings.•Vaccination against hepatitis E during pregnancy may be feasible.•A single...
Oncolytic HSV-1 expressing GM-CSF and IL-12 enhances anti-tumor efficacy in immunocompetent murine melanoma model
December 2025
Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been successfully used in oncolytic virotherapy. In the present research, we applied an...
Genomic characterization of three unclassified rhabdoviruses from mosquitoes in Malaysia and Central Africa
December 2025
•Characterisation of three new species of insect-related rhabdoviruses based on coding-complete genome sequences.•Identification of numerous putative genes in addition to the five canonical genes associated...
Topoisomerase IIα orchestrates secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 with human papillomavirus replication
December 2025
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) replication requires deregulation of host DNA damage response (DDR) and inflammatory pathways. DNA topoisomerase 2β (Top2β) was previously shown to promote HPV replication....
Structural polymorphism of two-dimensional lattices assembled from baculoviral capsid proteins
December 2025
Protein nanotubes (PNTs) can be regarded as two-dimensional (2D) lattices with p1 or p2 symmetry rolled into tubes. However, attempts to re-assemble their building blocks into stable 2D nanomaterials...
A dual monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for detection of potent vaccine immunogen against Coxsackievirus B1
December 2025
•The developed quantitative double-antibody sandwich ELISA supports the vaccine development, production, and quality control of CVB1 vaccine.•This method enables real-time monitoring of mature virion...