Therapeutic efficacy of a K1-specific bacteriophage against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a mouse infection model
Available online 4 June 2026
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen in both humans and animals. Controlling it has become increasingly difficult due to the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this...
A comprehensive RNA virome from molluscan transcriptomes reveals extensive diversity and modular genome evolution
Available online 3 June 2026
Mollusca, the second-largest animal phylum, includes many aquaculture species used as important food resources for humans. While DNA viruses that threaten molluscan aquaculture have received much attention,...
The guanosine nucleotide analog bemnifosbuvir inhibits hepatitis E virus infection in cell and organoid models
Available online 3 June 2026
•The nucleotide analog bemnifosbuvir (AT-527) inhibits hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in cell and organoid models.•Supplementation with guanosine largely reversed the anti-HEV activity of AT-527.•Combining...
Metagenomic and serological evidence of emerging tick-borne viruses in livestock, humans, and rats in Pakistan
Available online 3 June 2026
Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) pose significant emerging threats to public and veterinary health worldwide. In Pakistan, the potential threats posed by TBVs extend far beyond Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever...
The epidemiology and disease burden of enterovirus infections among hospitalized children in China: An 8-year national cross-sectional study
Available online 3 June 2026
Enterovirus (EV) infections represent a significant global and national health concern in children, leading to various complications. Although most children with EV infections generally have a favorable...
Antiviral activity of Saponin C from Liriope muscari against influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2
Available online 3 June 2026
Saponin C (also known as DT-13) is the dominant ingredient extracted from the tuber of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L. H. Bailey, which exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor,...
ASFV pA137R protein triggers inflammatory response by inducing NF-κB signaling pathway and facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome assembly
Available online 29 May 2026
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is characterized by high mortality in infected pigs. ASFV infection triggers severe inflammatory response in the host, which...
EV-A71 induces GSDME-dependent T-cell pyroptosis: A novel mechanism and MeCbl therapeutic potential
Available online 29 May 2026
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the primary pathogen causing severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in young children, with T-cell immune dysfunction closely linked to severe clinical outcomes. However,...
A C-type single-domain antibody with protective efficacy against H1N1 via respiratory administration
Available online 28 May 2026
Influenza A viruses, particularly H1N1, pose a significant public health threat, highlighting the continued need for novel prophylactics and therapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies are promising, but conventional...
Induction of mitochondrial fission and mtDNA leakage via the Smad3/Drp1 axis by PEDV infection activates the TLR9/NF-κB/IL-1β inflammatory pathway
Available online 27 May 2026
Mitochondrial homeostasis is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of many viral infections. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and normal cellular functions relies heavily on the delicate...
Identification and geographic evolutionary analysis of human pegivirus infection based on metatranscriptomic sequencing
Available online 27 May 2026
•First report of HPgV genotype 3 strains in Heilongjiang, China, revealing its genetic diversity in East Asia.•Phylogeographic analysis demonstrated spatial clustering in the distribution of human pegivirus...
Immune profile and mitochondrial alterations driven by age and HIV infection: associations with T-cell senescence in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Available online 14 May 2026
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly extended the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH), rendering population ageing and immunosenescence prominent clinical priorities. T-cell senescence...
Age-related pharyngeal microbiome and host transcriptomic signatures underlying fever responses in RSV bronchiolitis
Available online 14 May 2026
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infancy and exhibits pronounced age-dependent clinical heterogeneity. Fever becomes increasingly prevalent...
Metatranscriptomics uncovers host immune and microbiome signatures specific to and shared between human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children
April 2026
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a prevalent respiratory virus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections that is highly homologous with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary...
Development of an HSV-1 F strain BAC system using the synthetic platform
April 2026
•A novel BAC of HSV-1 F-strain was generated by synthetic biology.•The BAC sequence could be removed from F-BAC via in vitro Cre-LoxP recombination.•The resulting F-BACΔ virus shows replication property...
Emergence of a novel H4N6 avian influenza virus with mammalian adaptation isolated from migratory birds in Zhejiang Province, China, 2024
April 2026
•The H4N6/G030 strain, a novel H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV), was isolated from a red-necked stint.•The H4N6/G030 is a novel cross-species reassortant derived from wild bird and poultry AIV lineages.•The...
The expression of CD39 on NK cells relates to poor HIV-1 suppression in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals: Association with elevated IL-10 secretion and TIGIT co-expression
April 2026
CD39 exerts an inhibitory effect on tumour progression by impairing the cytotoxic capacity of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells. However, the impact of CD39 expression on the non-cytolytic...
Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) from CRF01_AE-C5 lineage among men who have sex with men in southwestern China
April 2026
•Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) in Chinese men who have sex with men.•CRF161_0107 emerged around 2016, exhibiting unique CRF01_AE-C5 and CRF07_BC-N parental...
ZNF219 inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by degrading viral S2 protein
April 2026
Since its discovery, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has significantly affected the agricultural economy worldwide. The available commercialized coronavirus vaccines cannot adequately control...
Unveiling the cryptic diversity and distribution of elements related to virophage mavirus through deep mining of pPolB proteins
April 2026
Virophages are unique double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that parasitize viruses of Nucleocytoviricota (NCVs). While conventionally viewed as a viral group, growing evidence suggests that “virophage”...
Feline calicivirus VP1-based mRNA vaccine protects cats against FCV challenge
April 2026
•An FCV-VP1 mRNA-LNP vaccine was constructed, utilizing a safe, flexible non-viral platform.•The vaccine elicits effective, durable neutralizing antibodies, protecting cats from FCV challenge.•This...
Structural vaccinology expedites rational design of next-generation vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus
April 2026
Vaccination stands as the single most effective and cost-efficient public health intervention in human history, serving as a cornerstone of modern medicine that profoundly transforms global health outcomes....
EBV nuclear antigen 1 hijacks DDX5/BZLF1 axis to facilitate viral lytic replication
April 2026
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic replication is a key driver of viral dissemination and tumorigenicity in epithelial malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric cancer (GC). However,...
Breaking barriers and beyond: Mechanisms and pathological implications of Zika virus traversal across blood-tissue interfaces
April 2026
Blood-tissue barriers are specialized interfaces that safeguard organ homeostasis by restricting pathogen dissemination. Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus of global concern, exhibits an exceptional...
Cepharanthine hydrochloride alleviates herpesvirus encephalitis by inhibiting Nrf2 degradation
April 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection can induce herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by active viral replication within the central nervous...