Subcutaneous immunization with replication-competent live influenza virus confers durable protective immunity without respiratory pathology in mice
Available online 21 September 2026
Current influenza vaccination strategies are constrained by the trade-off between the safety of inactivated platforms and the immunogenic potency of live attenuated vaccines. Here, we provide a comprehensive...
EHD4 facilitates Zika virus infection by regulating extracellular vesicle-associated viral release and cell attachment
Available online 19 September 2026
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other extracellular membrane-associated particles can contribute to viral dissemination; however, the host factors that regulate the composition and infectivity of EV-associated...
Flavivirus NS1 possesses NTPase and RNA helix unwinding activities
Available online 17 September 2026
Flaviviruses are a group of arthropod-borne positive-sense RNA viruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus 2 (DENV2) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). For RNA viruses, RNA helicases play...
Synergistic effect of combinational SHEN26 and PF07817883 in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Available online 11 September 2026
•ATV014 (SHEN26) and PF07817883 exhibited potent synergistic antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.•In vivo, the combination showed synergistic antiviral and tissue-repair effects superior...
Update on BA.3.2 epidemiology: Evidence for co-circulation and preferential infection of children
Available online 11 September 2026
•BA.3.2 preferentially infects children.•BA.3.2 cocirculates rather than dominating.•Inactivation of ORF7a is unlikely to account for the preferential infection of children....
Epidemiological Characteristics and In-Hospital Burden of Infectious Mononucleosis Among Hospitalized Children in China, 2021–2023
Available online 10 September 2026
This multicenter study described the epidemiological characteristics, recorded first-ranked secondary diagnoses, and in-hospital burden of pediatric infectious mononucleosis (IM) hospitalizations in...
A HiBiT-Tagged influenza A virus reporter system reveals cytokine-inhibitory micropeptide 53 as a modulator of viral infection and immunopathology
Available online 5 September 2026
Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major threat to human and animal health, highlighting the need for efficient approaches to identify host factors and antivirals. Reporter viruses are critical tools...
ACSL3 at the UPR crossroads: Tactician of anti-influenza defense, target of influenza offense
Available online 4 September 2026
•A new dimension of the host-IAV arms race is revealed, centered on ACSL3 at the UPR crossroads.•Key questions remain regarding ACSL3-UPR sensor interfaces and ACSL3 induction/degradation mechanisms.•Addressing...
Identification and genome characterization of circovirus in masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) from Guangdong Province, China
Available online 3 September 2026
•First identification of Pl-CV in Chinese mainland, with a 34.0% detection rate in farmed civets.•Pl-CV DNA was detected in liver (31.4%) and intestine (25.7%) specimens from one Shaoguan farm.•Four...
RNF152 regulates prototype foamy virus replication by targeting Gag polyubiquitination and VLPs production
Available online 2 September 2026
Prototype foamy viruses (PFVs) are complex retroviruses that establish long-term latent infections in hosts without causing disease, positioning them as potential safe gene transfer vectors. Understanding...
Retinoic acid is a translation inhibitor against chikungunya virus both in vitro and invivo
August 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, causes debilitating febrile and arthritic disease and remains a persistent public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, with no clinically...
Recent progress in anti-Chikungunya virus drug discovery: Focus on the viral life cycle and direct-acting antivirals
August 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. CHIKV infection generally causes severe clinical symptoms, including debilitating arthralgia, fever, hemorrhage and...
The C-terminal T234 residue of VP3 is required for KREMEN1 receptor-dependent infectivity and pathogenesis of coxsackieviruses A10 and A8
August 2026
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease and utilizes KREMEN1 (KRM1) as its cellular receptor. While our previous work identifies VP2 residue K140 as a universal...
Effectiveness of lignans against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection
August 2026
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus that causes a life-threatening infectious disease with high mortality. Currently, there are no approved...
Whole-genome evolutionary dynamics of human parainfluenza virus type 3 in Shanghai, China, 2016–2024
August 2026
•Fifty whole-genome sequencing revealed co-circulating HPIV-3 C3 sub-lineages C3f and C3a in Shanghai, China.•Whole-genome phylogeny dated the HPIV-3 tMRCA to ∼1925.6 and revealed two post-1990 demographic...
Hidden diversity of coronaviruses in high-altitude plateau mammals
August 2026
•Pikas and marmots from plateaus host divergent α- and β-CoVs, including the candidate subgenera Pibecovirus and Mabecovirus.•The plateau CoVs show distinctive genomic features (relocated HE gene, variable...
Pygenic acid A, a small-molecule PD-1/SHP-2 inhibitor, enhances efficacy of therapeutic melanoma vaccines and prophylactic influenza vaccines
August 2026
Overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments remains a critical challenge in advanced vaccine development. Here, we evaluated Pygenic acid A (PA), an intracellular small-molecule inhibitor targeting...
MMF inhibits poxvirus infection by disrupting IMPDH2 interaction with USP5 and inducing its rod-and-ring assemblies
August 2026
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a pathogenic orthopoxvirus, has caused major outbreaks and emerged as a global public health threat. Although antivirals approved for smallpox are used therapeutically against...
Host OTUB2 and viral PLpro stabilize NSP8 to promote SARS-CoV-2 replication
August 2026
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in antiviral defense but is also frequently hijacked by viruses to facilitate their replication. Here, we demonstrate that the host deubiquitinase...
The antiviral role of TRIM25 in mammalian embryonic stem cells
August 2026
Mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs), despite lacking functional interferon (IFN) signaling, are remarkably resistant to viral infection. However, the mechanistic basis of their antiviral defenses...
A replication-defective tick-borne encephalitis virus generated by NS1 trans-complementation confers robust protective efficacy
August 2026
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) poses a severe threat to public health, causing neurological disorders with high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. Therefore, developing safe and effective...
Genetic heterogeneity and pathogenic potential of historical Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus isolates in China
August 2026
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) poses a significant public health threat. In China, CCHFV has been circulating for decades, yet the genomic diversity and pathogenic potential of the...
Stabilization of prefusion hMPV F improves manufacturability and protective immunity across hMPV lineages
August 2026
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of pediatric acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), yet vaccine development has been hindered by the intrinsic metastability of the prefusion...
A modular APEX biosensor enables sensitive and visualized monitoring of viral protease activity
August 2026
Viral proteases are key targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs development. However, screening platform capable of accurately assessing inhibitor activity within physiologically...
SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibits the replication of influenza viruses through the cleavage of NP and PA
August 2026
The co-circulation of multiple viruses can lead to distinct pathological outcomes, yet how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection influences other viral infections remains...