Ferritin nanoparticle-based vaccine enhances mucosal immunity by promoting antigen uptake and activation of alveolar macrophages
Available online 10 August 2026
•Ferritin nanoparticle-displayed mosaic tandem-RBD enhances respiratory mucosal immunity.••Intranasal immunization induces broad neutralizing antibodies and tissue-resident immune populations.••Nanoparticles...
SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibits the replication of influenza viruses through the cleavage of NP and PA
Available online 10 August 2026
The co-circulation of multiple viruses can lead to distinct pathological outcomes, yet how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection influences other viral infections remains...
Pre-existing hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels are associated with B-cell repertoire maturation and antibody breadth after influenza vaccination
Available online 10 August 2026
Repeated influenza exposures generate complex antibody landscapes, yet how pre-existing antibodies are associated with subsequent vaccine responses remains unclear. We longitudinally tracked 21 adults...
Identification and characterization of anti-chikungunya virus compounds using a biosafe toolkit
Available online 10 August 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus for which no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. During the large outbreak in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China, in...
Stabilization of prefusion hMPV F improves manufacturability and protective immunity across hMPV lineages
Available online 6 August 2026
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of pediatric acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), yet vaccine development has been hindered by the intrinsic metastability of the prefusion...
A Modular APEX Biosensor Enables Sensitive and Visualized Monitoring of Viral Protease Activity
Available online 6 August 2026
Viral proteases are key targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs development. However, screening platform capable of accurately assessing inhibitor activity within physiologically...
Genetic heterogeneity and pathogenic potential of historical Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus isolates in China
Available online 31 July 2026
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) poses a significant public health threat. In China, CCHFV has been circulating for decades, yet the genomic diversity and pathogenic potential of the...
The antiviral role of TRIM25 in mammalian embryonic stem cells
Available online 30 July 2026
Mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs), despite lacking functional interferon (IFN) signaling, are remarkably resistant to viral infection. However, the mechanistic basis of their antiviral defenses...
A replication-defective tick-borne encephalitis virus generated by NS1 trans-complementation confers robust protective efficacy
Available online 30 July 2026
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) poses a severe threat to public health, causing neurological disorders with high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. Therefore, developing safe and effective...
Host OTUB2 and viral plpro stabilize NSP8 to promote SARS-CoV-2 replication
Available online 27 July 2026
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in antiviral defense but is also frequently hijacked by viruses to facilitate their replication. Here, we demonstrate that the host deubiquitinase...
MMF inhibits poxvirus infection by disrupting IMPDH2 interaction with USP5 and inducing its Rod-and-Ring assemblies
Available online 23 July 2026
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a pathogenic orthopoxvirus, has caused major outbreaks and emerged as a global public health threat. Although antivirals approved for smallpox are used therapeutically against...
ZNF598 enhances FAT10-mediated non-covalent stabilization of Tat to promote HIV-1 transcription and replication
Available online 20 July 2026
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat is essential for efficient viral transcription and replication, and its stability is tightly controlled by host factors. In our previous study, we showed...
Pygenic Acid A, a Small-Molecule PD-1/SHP-2 Inhibitor, Enhances Efficacy of Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines and Prophylactic Influenza Vaccines
Available online 16 July 2026
Overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments remains a critical challenge in advanced vaccine development. Here, we evaluated Pygenic acid A (PA), an intracellular small-molecule inhibitor targeting...
Hidden diversity of coronaviruses in high-altitude plateau mammals
Available online 15 July 2026
•Pikas and marmots from plateaus host divergent α- and β-CoVs, including the candidate subgenera Pibecovirus and Mabecovirus.•The plateau CoVs show distinctive genomic features (relocated HE gene, variable...
Whole-genome evolutionary dynamics of human parainfluenza virus type 3 in Shanghai, China, 2016–2024
Available online 14 July 2026
•Fifty whole-genome sequencing revealed co-circulating HPIV-3 C3 sub-lineages C3f and C3a in Shanghai, China.•Whole-genome phylogeny dated the HPIV-3 tMRCA to ∼1925.6 and revealed two post-1990 demographic...
Effectiveness of lignans against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection
Available online 9 July 2026
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus that causes a life-threatening infectious disease with high mortality. Currently, there are no approved...
The C-terminal T234 residue of VP3 is required for KREMEN1 receptor-dependent infectivity and pathogenesis of coxsackieviruses A10 and A8
Available online 8 July 2026
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease and utilizes KREMEN1 (KRM1) as its cellular receptor. While our previous work identifies VP2 residue K140 as a universal...
Recent progress in anti-Chikungunya virus drug discovery: Focus on the viral life cycle and direct-acting antivirals
Available online 6 July 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. CHIKV infection generally causes severe clinical symptoms, including debilitating arthralgia, fever, hemorrhage and...
Retinoic acid is a translation inhibitor against chikungunya virus both in vitro and in vivo
Available online 2 July 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, causes debilitating febrile and arthritic disease and remains a persistent public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, with no clinically...
Immune profile and mitochondrial alterations driven by age and HIV infection: Associations with T-cell senescence in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy
June 2026
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly extended the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH), rendering population ageing and immunosenescence prominent clinical priorities. T-cell senescence...
Age-related pharyngeal microbiome and host transcriptomic signatures underlying fever responses in RSV bronchiolitis
June 2026
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infancy and exhibits pronounced age-dependent clinical heterogeneity. Fever becomes increasingly prevalent...
Induction of mitochondrial fission and mtDNA leakage via the Smad3/Drp1 axis by PEDV infection activates the TLR9/NF-κB/IL-1β inflammatory pathway
June 2026
Mitochondrial homeostasis is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of many viral infections. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and normal cellular functions relies heavily on the delicate...
Identification and geographic evolutionary analysis of human pegivirus infection based on metatranscriptomic sequencing
June 2026
•First report of HPgV genotype 3 strains in Heilongjiang, China, revealing its genetic diversity in East Asia.•Phylogeographic analysis demonstrated spatial clustering in the distribution of human pegivirus...
A C-type single-domain antibody with protective efficacy against H1N1 via respiratory administration
June 2026
Influenza A viruses, particularly H1N1, pose a significant public health threat, highlighting the continued need for novel prophylactics and therapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies are promising, but conventional...
ASFV pA137R protein triggers inflammatory response by inducing NF-κB signaling pathway and facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome assembly
June 2026
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is characterized by high mortality in infected pigs. ASFV infection triggers severe inflammatory response in the host, which...