Phylogenomics and structural modelling feature accelerated evolution of Oropouche virus: 1955 to 2024
Available online 2 October 2025
A large multi-country outbreak of Oropouche virus (OROV), a segmented negative-sense RNA virus, is emerging in Latin America. By analyzing publicly available whole-genome sequences spanning 1955 to...
Synthetic genomics-based generation of the tick-borne encephalitis virus Siberian subtype prototype strain and E51K-attenuated variant for vaccine development and antiviral screening
Available online 2 October 2025
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a re-emerging pathogen in Kazakhstan, where the increasing risk of its spread underscores the need for improved healthcare preparedness, including the development...
HBV and host metabolic crosstalk: reprogramming pathways for viral replication and pathogenesis
Available online 27 September 2025
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) establishes chronic infection through strategic manipulation of host metabolic networks, driving a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular...
First identification of Tusavirus in calf intestinal tissue suggests interspecies transmission and genomic variation
Available online 26 September 2025
•This is the first identification of Tusavirus in calf tissue in China, expanding its host species and geographical range.•Genomic analysis revealed conservation, with nucleotide insertions in the VP1...
The pathogenic role and genomic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus in Vitreoretinal Lymphoma
Available online 26 September 2025
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a well-known for its association with lymphoproliferative disorders and various lymphomas, causing significant global morbidity and mortality. EBV-positive vitreoretinal...
Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenicity Analysis of H4 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses in China, 2011–2022
Available online 23 September 2025
The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is prevalent worldwide, but often receives little attention due to its low pathogenicity in poultry. Consequently, it remains largely unclear whether H4...
Long-term surveillance of avian avulavirus in wild birds in China from 2003–2020
Available online 23 September 2025
Avian avulavirus (AAVV) is a significant pathogen affecting avian species, but research on its prevalence in wild birds in China has been relatively limited. In this study, active surveillance for AAVV...
Genetic analysis of human adenovirus type 108 circulating in China during 2014–2024
Available online 19 September 2025
Human adenovirus type 108 (HAdV-108) has been detected in multiple countries, including China, and is associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children, with reported fatalities....
Antisera and antivirals targeting the conserved domains in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit are effective against ACE2-using MERSr-CoVs with spillover potential
Available online 15 September 2025
•S2 subunit remains high conserved throughout coronavirus evolution.•BA.5/BF.7-infection induces weak cross-immune response against MERS-related coronaviruses (MERSr-CoVs) in humans.•HR1LS based on...
A Safe and Broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine with a New Delivery System for In-situ Expression
Available online 4 September 2025
Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, the cumulative number of confirmed cases worldwide has surpassed 778 million, and the number of deaths has exceeded 7 million, posing a significant threat...
Ubiquitously expressed transcript isoform 2 (UXT-V2) restricts HSV-2 replication by targeting glycoprotein B for degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
Available online 2 September 2025
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a major pathogen causing neonatal herpes and increasing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, the mechanisms underlying host restriction...
Antigenic and structural insights into a Henipavirus attachment glycoprotein
Available online 2 September 2025
The novel henipavirus, Langya henipavirus (LayV), was identified in China in 2022. The invasion of host cells by the henipavirus is facilitated through the interaction between viral attachment (G) and...
The slow progression of Japanese encephalitis in aged mice is likely associated to B cell recruitment in the brain
August 2025
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), a severe disease that primarily affects children and induces significant central nervous system complications. With the widespread...
Isolation and identification of a newly discovered broad-spectrum Acinetobacter baumannii phage and therapeutic validation against pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
August 2025
The treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) poses significant clinical challenges due to its multidrug/pan-drug resistance. In this study, we isolated a broad-spectrum lytic A. baumannii...
First isolation and genomic characterization of a novel inter-genotype recombinant feline calicivirus from domestic cats: Implications for viral evolution
August 2025
•Two strains of FCV with distinct genotypes were successfully isolated and identified.•First identification of recombination between GI and GII.•Significant antigenic cross-reactivity with traditional...
Identification of PEDV inhibitors targeting 3CL protease
August 2025
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is a highly contagious gastrointestinal disease characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration, with mortality...
Virome diversity in small mammals from south China: Insights into virus evolution, transmission, and ecology
August 2025
Mammals are critical reservoirs of human infectious diseases and the spillover of viruses is related to climate conditions. We conducted meta-transcriptomic sequencing of 226 mammals (bats, rodents,...
Rapid and accurate detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 by viral receptor capture combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification
August 2025
Rapid and accurate detection of infectious virus particles, not just viral nucleic acid, is essential to avoid unnecessary quarantine and effectively control the spread of viral diseases such as coronavirus...
SARS-CoV-2-encoded miR-nsp3-3p promotes pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting expression of ALCAM
August 2025
microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from viruses, have been detected in body fluids and are known to regulate the expression of host genes. Recent evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2-encoded miRNAs could contribute...
Single-cycle Rift Valley fever virus particles from stable replicon cells enable discovery of antiviral CNX-1351 for multiple RNA viruses
August 2025
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a high-containment pathogen that causes severe diseases in humans, with no approved therapeutics available. Its classification as a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) agent...
Clinical outcomes after HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with Peg-IFN α: A study with an 11- to 173-month follow-up
August 2025
To investigate the risk and influencing factors of long-term liver adverse events in chronic hepatitis B patients achieving hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance after pegylated interferon α...
The coronavirus 3CL protease: Unveiling its complex host interactions and central role in viral pathogenesis
August 2025
The 3CL protease, a highly conserved enzyme in the coronavirus, plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle by facilitating viral replication through precise cleavage of polyproteins. Beyond its proteolytic...
Identification of a novel ectromelia virus from rodent: Implications for use as an in vivo infection model for vaccine and antiviral research
August 2025
Ectromelia virus (ECTV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, serves as both a causative agent of mousepox and a pivotal surrogate model for studying highly pathogenic orthopoxviruses. Although genomic...
STAT5-c-Myc-axis regulates B cell metabolism in vaccinated individuals and COVID-19 recovered patients
August 2025
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination both trigger immune responses. The former leads to naturally acquired immunity, while the latter induces active immunity through artificial means. However, the distinct...
Thermal tolerance and inactivation of Ebola virus
August 2025
•The investigation demonstrated a high level of tolerance of EBOV to thermal disinfection.•A water-bath is recommended and the tubes should be fully submerged during the process.•The established inactivation...