Systematic evaluation of HSV-1 Δ34.5Δ47 as a dual-function platform for attenuated HSV-1 vaccine and heterologous antigen delivery
February 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes lifelong latent infection and is associated with severe diseases, including herpes simplex encephalitis, neonatal herpes, and no licensed vaccine is currently...
Characteristics of humoral and T-cell immune responses in people living with HIV after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during December 2022 to January 2023
February 2026
Due to inherent immune deficiency, the characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immune responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) following breakthrough...
Pseudorabies virus TK protein antagonizes alpha interferon response by interfering with the JAK1-STAT1 interaction
February 2026
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, is the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease, which severely affects swine health and poses a potential zoonotic risk. PRV can...
Enhancing the stability of influenza a reporter viruses by recoding the gfp gene
February 2026
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and can cause global influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza outbreaks. Generation of recombinant IAV expressing a fluorescent...
Genomic evidence of HMPV resurgence in Beijing: Clade B2 triggers the 2024 winter epidemic peak
February 2026
With an unexpected increase of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cases in northern China since late 2024, concerns arose whether novel hMPV variants triggered this epidemic. Utilizing the Beijing Respiratory...
Advances in human respiratory organoid models for studying the pathogenesis and intervention strategies of COVID-19
February 2026
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects multiple organ systems, with the respiratory system being the primary target....
GP38 is a structural component of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus particles
February 2026
•LC-MS/MS analysis indicated comparable levels of GP38 and viral structural proteins (NP, Gn, Gc) in purified CCHFV particles.•Western blot and IEM results confirm the presence of GP38 in CCHFV particles.•CCHFV...
Nuclear translocation of Sp100A suppresses multiple DNA viruses and limits HSV-1 lytic replication in vivo
February 2026
Sp100 (Speckled protein 100 kDa), a key component of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, plays a pivotal role in intrinsic and innate immunity. The predominant isoform, Sp100A, has been shown...
The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination
February 2026
Influenza virus infections cause significant illness or death every year, becoming a serious health risk. Currently, influenza vaccines mainly induce responses to antibodies against specific strains,...
Development of a stable replicon system of a pangolin merbecovirus for antiviral screening
February 2026
•A replicon of the pangolin HKU4-related coronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV-1) containing a nanoluciferase reporter gene was constructed.•A stable BHK21 cell line carrying the replicon has been generated.•This...
Integrated multiplex PCR and metatranscriptomics reveal upper-lower airway microbial landscapes in pediatric respiratory infections
February 2026
Despite widespread use of multiple PCR, a substantial proportion of pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) lack identifiable pathogens and are classified as unknown etiology. The microbial...
Desmoglein 2 (DSG2)-knockout human respiratory epithelial cell model to study species B adenovirus receptor usage
February 2026
With an increasing number of human adenoviruses identified, the selection of potential therapeutic vectors broadens. For safety reasons, achieving cell-specific gene delivery is crucial to minimize...
Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of HSV-1 reactivation from latently infected tree shrew and mouse trigeminal ganglia reveal differing molecular and cellular processes
February 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects over 70% of the population and establishes lifelong latent infection with periodic reactivation in humans, resulting in various related diseases. However,...
Evidence of human exposure to tick-borne viruses based on viromes of ticks and presence of specific antibodies among patients in Hainan Island, southern China
February 2026
Hainan Island, located in the South China Sea, is known as an area with diseases related to Rickettsia spp. or spirochete infection; however, the potential threat there from infection with tick-borne...
GlycoRNAs: Biological functions and novel antiviral targets
February 2026
•GlycoRNAs on host cell surfaces serve as adhesive molecules for viral internalization.•GlycoRNAs may interact with immunomodulatory receptors and facilitate immune recognition and responses.•Targeting...
Phloretin targeting the 3CLpro Cys144 exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against swine enteric coronavirus
February 2026
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs) cause severe watery diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. However, frequent mutations in SECoVs...
Genomic assembly, rescue, and characterization of a functional pseudorabies virus
February 2026
With recent advances in synthetic biology methods, the genomes of several large DNA viruses have been de novo synthesized and assembled, leading to the functional rescue of the respective viruses. Pseudorabies...
Issue Cover
February 2026
Specific and visual detection of EBOV based on a one-pot RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay
December 2025
•The one-pot RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for EBOV has single-copy resolution within 40 min.•This assay targeting the VP40 gene has high specificity for EBOV and no cross-reaction with SUDV.•This one-pot...
Adaptor protein complex 1 gamma 1 subunit is an important host factor involved in both Zika virus and dengue virus infections
December 2025
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), cause diverse severe clinical manifestations including fever, rash, hepatitis, arthralgia, and congenital anomalies. Here,...
The effectiveness of two doses of Hecolin vaccine in response to outbreaks in resource-limited settings
December 2025
•The use of Hecolin vaccine with a 2-dose schedule can replace the 3-dose schedule during campaigns in HEV outbreak settings.•Vaccination against hepatitis E during pregnancy may be feasible.•A single...
Antiviral agents for dengue virus
December 2025
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen responsible for a spectrum of illnesses, including dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Nearly half of the global population...