Thapsigargin suppresses porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus replication by disrupting host energy metabolism
December 2025
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of human and animal pathogens that cause significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Thapsigargin (Tg) is a plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone with potent...
Improvement in UV resistance of entomopathogenic viruses by coating silica nanoparticles on occlusion bodies surface
December 2025
Entomopathogenic viruses, such as baculoviruses and cypoviruses, have been employed as biological pesticides against agricultural and forestry pests. However, their susceptibility to inactivation under...
Antiviral agents for dengue virus
December 2025
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen responsible for a spectrum of illnesses, including dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Nearly half of the global population...
Specific and visual detection of EBOV based on a one-pot RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay
December 2025
•The one-pot RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for EBOV has single-copy resolution within 40 min.•This assay targeting the VP40 gene has high specificity for EBOV and no cross-reaction with SUDV.•This one-pot...
Neutralization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever pseudotyped virions with heavy chain antibodies
December 2025
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly pathogenic tick-borne virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans. No licensed vaccines or efficacious antiviral...
A decreased proportion of naïve MAIT cells is associated with the incomplete immune reconstitution in antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-1 patients
December 2025
Incomplete immune reconstitution occurs in 10%–40% of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. This subset of immunological non-responders (INRs) has yet to...
Ubiquitin-specific protease 5 promotes EV-A71 replication by de-ubiquitinating MAVS and IRF3
December 2025
Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which poses a significant public health threat, particularly among young children. Mitochondrial antiviral...
RNA and ChIP-sequencing analysis reveals SOX3 suppresses antiviral innate immunity through the AKT1-PTEN signaling axis
December 2025
The transcription factor Sex-determining region Y-box protein 3 (SOX3) is well known for its critical roles in sex determination and cell differentiation; however, its function in antiviral innate immunity...
Predicting mortality risk of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A multi-center retrospective cohort study
December 2025
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with high mortality, and clinical practice lacks dynamic tools to assess its rapidly evolving course. This study...
An adenovirus-vectored recombinant vaccine confers passive immunity protection from swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus challenge in neonatal mice
December 2025
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), an emerging bat-origin Alphacoronavirus with demonstrated zoonotic potential, poses a significant threat to swine health and has considerable economic...
Deep data-independent acquisition-based plasma proteomic profiling unveils distinct molecular features in dengue fever with neutropenia
December 2025
Dengue virus (DENV) remains a pervasive global health threat, further complicated by the occurrence of neutropenia—a distinct clinical feature indicative of an altered host immune response, closely...
Meta-transcriptomic analysis of tick virome diversity and ecological characteristics in Yunnan Province, southwestern China
December 2025
Emerging tick-borne viruses are posing an increasing health concern. However, there is limited knowledge about the distribution characteristics of tick virome in Yunnan Province, southwestern China,...
Adaptor protein complex 1 gamma 1 subunit is an important host factor involved in both Zika virus and dengue virus infections
December 2025
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), cause diverse severe clinical manifestations including fever, rash, hepatitis, arthralgia, and congenital anomalies. Here,...
Bibliometric analysis of global research output on viral vaccines and antivirals in the 21st century
December 2025
•A total of over 190,000 SCIE-indexed research papers focusing on viral vaccines and antiviral drugs were systematically retrieved for the period 2000–2024.•Article counts show a steady annual growth...
2025 Reviewer Acknowledgment
December 2025
Issue Cover
December 2025
Development of the reverse genetics system for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype IVa and its application in antiviral compound screening
Available online 27 December 2025
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a major pathogen affecting freshwater and marine fish species, posing a significant threat to global aquaculture. Reverse genetics systems are essential...
Metatranscriptomics profiling reveals rodent- and shrew-borne viral diversity and evolutionary relationships in Guangzhou, China
Available online 17 December 2025
Emerging zoonotic infectious diseases, predominantly caused by viruses, pose increasing public health threats globally. Rodents and shrews are natural hosts for a variety of zoonotic viruses. Guangzhou...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An emerging threat in Europe
Available online 15 December 2025
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), is endemic in Africa, Asia, and Europe. However, CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology have been poorly...
Genomic assembly, rescue, and characterization of a functional pseudorabies virus
Available online 28 November 2025
With recent advances in synthetic biology methods, the genomes of several large DNA viruses have been de novo synthesized and assembled, leading to the functional rescue of the respective viruses. Pseudorabies...
Ubiquitously expressed transcript isoform 2 (UXT-V2) restricts HSV-2 replication by targeting glycoprotein B for degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
October 2025
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a major pathogen causing neonatal herpes and increasing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, the mechanisms underlying host restriction...
Antisera and antivirals targeting the conserved domains in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit are effective against ACE2-using MERSr-CoVs with spillover potential
October 2025
•S2 subunit remains high conserved throughout coronavirus evolution.•BA.5/BF.7-infection induces weak cross-immune response against MERS-related coronaviruses (MERSr-CoVs) in humans.•HR1LS based on...
Genetic analysis of human adenovirus type 108 circulating in China during 2014–2024
October 2025
Human adenovirus type 108 (HAdV-108) has been detected in multiple countries, including China, and is associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children, with reported fatalities....