Pygenic acid A, a small-molecule PD-1/SHP-2 inhibitor, enhances efficacy of therapeutic melanoma vaccines and prophylactic influenza vaccines
August 2026
Overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments remains a critical challenge in advanced vaccine development. Here, we evaluated Pygenic acid A (PA), an intracellular small-molecule inhibitor targeting...
MMF inhibits poxvirus infection by disrupting IMPDH2 interaction with USP5 and inducing its rod-and-ring assemblies
August 2026
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a pathogenic orthopoxvirus, has caused major outbreaks and emerged as a global public health threat. Although antivirals approved for smallpox are used therapeutically against...
Host OTUB2 and viral PLpro stabilize NSP8 to promote SARS-CoV-2 replication
August 2026
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in antiviral defense but is also frequently hijacked by viruses to facilitate their replication. Here, we demonstrate that the host deubiquitinase...
The antiviral role of TRIM25 in mammalian embryonic stem cells
August 2026
Mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs), despite lacking functional interferon (IFN) signaling, are remarkably resistant to viral infection. However, the mechanistic basis of their antiviral defenses...
A replication-defective tick-borne encephalitis virus generated by NS1 trans-complementation confers robust protective efficacy
August 2026
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) poses a severe threat to public health, causing neurological disorders with high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. Therefore, developing safe and effective...
Genetic heterogeneity and pathogenic potential of historical Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus isolates in China
August 2026
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) poses a significant public health threat. In China, CCHFV has been circulating for decades, yet the genomic diversity and pathogenic potential of the...
Stabilization of prefusion hMPV F improves manufacturability and protective immunity across hMPV lineages
August 2026
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of pediatric acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), yet vaccine development has been hindered by the intrinsic metastability of the prefusion...
A modular APEX biosensor enables sensitive and visualized monitoring of viral protease activity
August 2026
Viral proteases are key targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs development. However, screening platform capable of accurately assessing inhibitor activity within physiologically...
SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibits the replication of influenza viruses through the cleavage of NP and PA
August 2026
The co-circulation of multiple viruses can lead to distinct pathological outcomes, yet how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection influences other viral infections remains...
Pre-existing hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels are associated with B-cell repertoire maturation and antibody breadth after influenza vaccination
August 2026
Repeated influenza exposures generate complex antibody landscapes, yet how pre-existing antibodies are associated with subsequent vaccine responses remains unclear. We longitudinally tracked 21 adults...
Identification and characterization of anti-chikungunya virus compounds using a biosafe toolkit
August 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus for which no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. During the large outbreak in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China, in...
Enteroviruses antagonize the host restriction factor ABL2 via proteasomal degradation to facilitate viral replication
August 2026
Enteroviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are significant human pathogens that cause severe diseases, such as viral myocarditis, pancreatitis, and encephalitis. ABL proto-oncogene 2 (ABL2),...
Blood and gut virome remodeling in gastric cancer: Anellovirus expansion and novel virus discovery
August 2026
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, yet effective early diagnostic tools remain lacking, and the role of the virome, a key component of the tumor microenvironment, in GC progression...
Y-box-binding protein 1 stabilizes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 to promote viral replication
August 2026
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a major causative agent of PCV2-associated diseases, poses a serious threat to the global swine industry. The stability of PCV2 capsid (Cap) protein is critical for...
Hijacking the host heparan sulfate-cell-surface ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) scaffold pathway for viral immune evasion
August 2026
•Viral nucleocapsid proteins may co-opt this host scaffold for cell-surface display.•Surface-displayed viral proteins can bind chemokines, suppressing immune cell recruitment....
Tupaia belangeri better reflects the typical symptoms of Chikungunya virus infection than mice: A comparative study
August 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in humans is typically characterized by acute febrile illness, rash, and polyarthralgia, and often progresses to chronic arthralgia. However, existing small-animal...
Viral kinetics of the Chikungunya virus ESCA-MAL lineage during the 2025 Guangdong outbreak
August 2026
•ECSA-MAL lineage of CHIKV shows robust replication and rapid clearance.•Peak venous viremia (median 2.3 × 107 copies/mL) occurs on day 1 of symptom onset.•Older age is significantly associated with...
Issue Cover
August 2026
Liver injury during Ebola virus infections: Characteristics and molecular mechanisms
Available online 28 August 2026
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe and often fatal Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans, posing a major threat to global public health. Since EVD was first identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo...
Engineering HSV-1 for Gene Therapy, Oncolytic Immunotherapy, and Neuroscience
Available online 26 August 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has emerged as a versatile platform for gene delivery, oncolytic immunotherapy, and neural circuit mapping. Its large genome, broad tropism, and engineering flexibility...
Viral manipulation of DNA damage response signaling: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Available online 26 August 2026
The DNA damage response (DDR) network maintains genomic integrity, functions as a signaling hub that viruses exploit to drive pathogenesis, and constitutes a central interface between viral infection...
A fatal human case of co-infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and Nairobi sheep disease virus
Available online 24 August 2026
•First fatal human co-infection with SFTSV and NSDV.•First confirmed natural human NSDV infection in China.•Haemaphysalis longicornis is a potential vector for SFTSV and NSDV....
RNA-centered regulation in SFTSV infection: Mechanisms, host interactions, and translational implications
Available online 22 August 2026
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes substantial morbidity and high case fatality in severe cases, representing a major public health...
First insight into the virome composition of the vulnerable Naemorhedus griseus
Available online 11 August 2026
The Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) is identified as a vulnerable species on the Red List of China's Biodiversity and listed as a national second-class key protected wild animal in China. Despite...
