EBV nuclear antigen 1 hijacks DDX5/BZLF1 axis to facilitate viral lytic replication
April 2026
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic replication is a key driver of viral dissemination and tumorigenicity in epithelial malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric cancer (GC). However,...
Breaking barriers and beyond: Mechanisms and pathological implications of Zika virus traversal across blood-tissue interfaces
April 2026
Blood-tissue barriers are specialized interfaces that safeguard organ homeostasis by restricting pathogen dissemination. Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus of global concern, exhibits an exceptional...
Cepharanthine hydrochloride alleviates herpesvirus encephalitis by inhibiting Nrf2 degradation
April 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection can induce herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by active viral replication within the central nervous...
Development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against clinically relevant human adenovirus subgroup B serotypes
April 2026
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs), particularly subgroup B serotypes HAdV-3 and HAdV-55, are associated with severe respiratory disease and currently lack targeted therapies. While neutralizing monoclonal...
Two orthobunyaviruses: OYAV and EBIV co-opt the AhR-CYP1A1 axis to suppress type I interferon responses
April 2026
The type I interferon (IFN-I) system serves as a frontline defense against viral infection, yet how orthobunyaviruses counteract this pathway remains poorly defined. Here, we identify cytochrome P450...
Nanobody targeting glycan cap confers broad orthoebolavirus neutralization
April 2026
The Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) cause severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality, highlighting the urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral therapies. Neutralizing nanobodies,...
Genomic-epidemiological analysis of 15 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals accelerated fitness gain of JN.1 lineage
April 2026
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been driven by successive globally circulating waves, including the Alpha and Delta lineages, early Omicron (BA.1–BA.5), XBB, and the recently dominant JN.1 lineages....
Establishment of severe in vitro and in vivo infection models for coxsackievirus B4 and their application in identifying viral virulence determinants
April 2026
Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is a highly pathogenic enterovirus associated with severe neurological disease and mortality. To establish research models that recapitulate severe CVB4 infection, two clinical...
Identification and characterization of a novel ulcerative enteritis-associated adenovirus of quail causing cross-species infection in chickens
April 2026
•A quail siadenovirus (QAdV-1) was identified to be associated with ulcerative enteritis-like disease.•QAdV-1 is a novel member of the genus Siadenovirus in the family Adenoviridae.•QAdV-1 shows the...
A semi-replicating VSV (srVSV)-based platform for developing broad-spectrum mucosal vaccines against influenza A viruses
April 2026
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are significant respiratory pathogens characterized by high mutation rates and frequent genetic reassortments, underscoring the need for vaccines that can induce robust and...
Generation of G9 genotype porcine rotavirus using reverse genetics system and its application for antiviral screen and vaccine development
April 2026
Group A rotaviruses (RVs) continue to be one of the most important pathogens causing severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals worldwide. Recently, the prevalence of porcine RV (PoRV)...
A natural five-amino-acid insert at the S2’ cleavage site of MERS-CoV spike enhances viral membrane fusion
April 2026
•A novel 5-aa insert, TSGVF, is present at the S2′ cleavage site of the spike protein of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels.•Pseudovirus-based entry assays showed that the TSGVF insert increases viral entry...
STING1 negatively regulates translation and replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus independently of interferon and is antagonized by the viral proteins 3C and 2B
April 2026
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a highly contagious picornavirus, employs multifaceted strategies to evade host innate immunity, with viral proteins 3C protease (3Cpro) and 2B serving as key immune...
HVT-based multiepitope vaccine administered subcutaneously or in ovo boosts protection of inactivated H9N2 vaccine against heterologous virus
April 2026
H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a persistent threat as inactivated vaccines (InV) often fail to prevent viral shedding. To address this, we developed a recombinant turkey herpesvirus (HVT-BNT)...
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April 2026
Tupaia belangeri better reflects the typical symptoms of Chikungunya virus infection than mice: A comparative study
Available online 27 March 2026
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in humans is typically characterized by acute febrile illness, rash, and polyarthralgia, and often progresses to chronic arthralgia. However, existing small-animal...
Hepatitis B virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting NSUN2/YBX1-mediated m5C modification of PTEN mRNA
Available online 12 March 2026
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, partly through regulation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Although transcriptional...
Systematic evaluation of HSV-1 Δ34.5Δ47 as a dual-function platform for attenuated HSV-1 vaccine and heterologous antigen delivery
February 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes lifelong latent infection and is associated with severe diseases, including herpes simplex encephalitis, neonatal herpes, and no licensed vaccine is currently...
Advances in human respiratory organoid models for studying the pathogenesis and intervention strategies of COVID-19
February 2026
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects multiple organ systems, with the respiratory system being the primary target....
GP38 is a structural component of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus particles
February 2026
•LC-MS/MS analysis indicated comparable levels of GP38 and viral structural proteins (NP, Gn, Gc) in purified CCHFV particles.•Western blot and IEM results confirm the presence of GP38 in CCHFV particles.•CCHFV...
Evidence of human exposure to tick-borne viruses based on viromes of ticks and presence of specific antibodies among patients in Hainan Island, southern China
February 2026
Hainan Island, located in the South China Sea, is known as an area with diseases related to Rickettsia spp. or spirochete infection; however, the potential threat there from infection with tick-borne...
Phloretin targeting the 3CLpro Cys144 exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against swine enteric coronavirus
February 2026
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs) cause severe watery diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. However, frequent mutations in SECoVs...