The epidemiology and disease burden of enterovirus infections among hospitalized children in China: An 8-year national cross-sectional study
June 2026
Enterovirus (EV) infections represent a significant global and national health concern in children, leading to various complications. Although most children with EV infections generally have a favorable...
Antiviral activity of Saponin C from Liriope muscari against influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2
June 2026
Saponin C (also known as DT-13) is the dominant ingredient extracted from the tuber of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L. H. Bailey, which exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor,...
Therapeutic efficacy of a K1-specific bacteriophage against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a mouse infection model
June 2026
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen in both humans and animals. Controlling it has become increasingly difficult due to the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this...
RNF26 bridges ER stress and autophagy in the clearance of MERS envelope protein
June 2026
Coronavirus envelope (E) proteins are small, highly conserved viroporins essential for virion assembly and pathogenicity. Despite extensive characterization of their ion channel activity, how host cells...
Degradation of ACSL3 by influenza A virus shifts unfolded protein response from antiviral defense to viral evasion
June 2026
Host restriction factors and viral evasion strategies involved in the virus-host arms races remain to be discovered. Through an initial membrane protein-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified...
A ferritin nanoparticle-displayed spike protein-based ELISA for serological surveillance and immune evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus
June 2026
•A novel iELISA utilizing ferritin-nanoparticle-displayed PDCoV S protein was established.•Excellent diagnostic performance with high sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with NAb titers.•Revealed...
Dominant HA motif 131/132-NT shapes the phenotype of avian H9N2 influenza virus by modulating agglutination property, receptor specificity and infectivity in animals
June 2026
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), which are enzootic in poultry and possess spillover potential to humans, represent a considerable global public health threat. Since 2021, we have observed an unprecedented...
First complete genomic sequencing of recent canine rabies viruses in Sierra Leone suggests cross-border transmission of Africa 2H subclade
June 2026
•First set of three complete genomic sequences of RABV strains was obtained from Sierra Leone.•Phylogenetic analysis identified the endemic Africa 2H subclade with high homology to those from neighboring...
Development of a replicon cell line-based high throughput antiviral assay for screening inhibitors of Mayaro virus
June 2026
•Construction of a MAYV replicon expressing both PAC and Rluc genes.•A stable BHK-21 cell line containing MAYV-Rep with puromycin selection was obtained.•A robust replicon cell-based HTS assay based...
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor BTKi-2 inhibits mpox virus and vaccinia virus infection
June 2026
The recent global outbreak of mpox virus (MPXV) infections underscores the urgent need for antiviral therapies against orthopoxviruses. In this study, using a high-content screening (HCS) platform based...
Hepatitis B virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting NSUN2/YBX1-mediated m5C modification of PTEN mRNA
June 2026
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, partly through regulation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Although transcriptional...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An emerging threat in Europe
June 2026
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), is endemic in Africa, Asia, and Europe. However, CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology have been poorly...
Issue Cover
June 2026
Hijacking the host heparan sulfate-cell-surface ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) scaffold pathway for viral immune evasion
Available online 10 June 2026
•Viral nucleocapsid proteins may co-opt this host scaffold for cell-surface display.•Surface-displayed viral proteins can bind chemokines, suppressing immune cell recruitment....
Viral kinetics of the Chikungunya virus ESCA-MAL lineage during the 2025 Guangdong outbreak
Available online 9 June 2026
•ECSA-MAL lineage of CHIKV shows robust replication and rapid clearance.•Peak venous viremia (median 2.3×107 copies/mL) occurs on day 1 of symptom onset.•Older age is significantly associated with higher...
Metatranscriptomics uncovers host immune and microbiome signatures specific to and shared between human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children
April 2026
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a prevalent respiratory virus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections that is highly homologous with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary...
Emergence of a novel H4N6 avian influenza virus with mammalian adaptation isolated from migratory birds in Zhejiang Province, China, 2024
April 2026
•The H4N6/G030 strain, a novel H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV), was isolated from a red-necked stint.•The H4N6/G030 is a novel cross-species reassortant derived from wild bird and poultry AIV lineages.•The...
Structural vaccinology expedites rational design of next-generation vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus
April 2026
Vaccination stands as the single most effective and cost-efficient public health intervention in human history, serving as a cornerstone of modern medicine that profoundly transforms global health outcomes....
Breaking barriers and beyond: Mechanisms and pathological implications of Zika virus traversal across blood-tissue interfaces
April 2026
Blood-tissue barriers are specialized interfaces that safeguard organ homeostasis by restricting pathogen dissemination. Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus of global concern, exhibits an exceptional...
Two orthobunyaviruses: OYAV and EBIV co-opt the AhR-CYP1A1 axis to suppress type I interferon responses
April 2026
The type I interferon (IFN-I) system serves as a frontline defense against viral infection, yet how orthobunyaviruses counteract this pathway remains poorly defined. Here, we identify cytochrome P450...
Nanobody targeting glycan cap confers broad orthoebolavirus neutralization
April 2026
The Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) cause severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality, highlighting the urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral therapies. Neutralizing nanobodies,...
Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) from CRF01_AE-C5 lineage among men who have sex with men in southwestern China
April 2026
•Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) in Chinese men who have sex with men.•CRF161_0107 emerged around 2016, exhibiting unique CRF01_AE-C5 and CRF07_BC-N parental...