Ubiquitously expressed transcript isoform 2 (UXT-V2) restricts HSV-2 replication by targeting glycoprotein B for degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
October 2025
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a major pathogen causing neonatal herpes and increasing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, the mechanisms underlying host restriction...
Antigenic and structural insights into Langya henipavirus attachment glycoprotein
October 2025
The invasion of host cells by the henipavirus is facilitated through the interaction between viral attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins with receptors on the cell surface. Langya henipavirus...
A safe and broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with a new delivery system for in-situ expression
October 2025
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019, the cumulative number of confirmed cases worldwide has surpassed 778 million, and the number of deaths has exceeded 7 million, posing a significant threat...
Antisera and antivirals targeting the conserved domains in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit are effective against ACE2-using MERSr-CoVs with spillover potential
October 2025
•S2 subunit remains high conserved throughout coronavirus evolution.•BA.5/BF.7-infection induces weak cross-immune response against MERS-related coronaviruses (MERSr-CoVs) in humans.•HR1LS based on...
Genetic analysis of human adenovirus type 108 circulating in China during 2014–2024
October 2025
Human adenovirus type 108 (HAdV-108) has been detected in multiple countries, including China, and is associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children, with reported fatalities....
Epidemiological, phylogenetic, and pathogenicity analysis of H4 subtype avian influenza viruses in China, 2011–2022
October 2025
The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is prevalent worldwide, but only receives little attention due to its low pathogenicity in poultry. Consequently, it remains largely unclear whether H4...
Long-term surveillance of avian avulavirus in wild birds in China from 2003 to 2020
October 2025
Avian avulavirus (AAVV) is a significant pathogen affecting avian species, but research on its prevalence in wild birds in China has been relatively limited. In this study, active surveillance for AAVV...
First identification of Tusavirus in calf intestinal tissue suggests interspecies transmission and genomic variation
October 2025
•This is the first identification of Tusavirus in calf tissue in China, expanding its host species and geographical range.•Genomic analysis reveals conservation, with nucleotide insertions in the VP1...
The pathogenic role and genomic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus in vitreoretinal lymphoma
October 2025
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is well-known for its association with lymphoproliferative disorders and various lymphomas, causing significant global morbidity and mortality. EBV-positive vitreoretinal...
HBV and host metabolic crosstalk: Reprogramming pathways for viral replication and pathogenesis
October 2025
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) establishes chronic infection through strategic manipulation of host metabolic networks, driving a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular...
Phylogenomics and structural modelling feature accelerated evolution of Oropouche virus: 1955 to 2024
October 2025
A large multi-country outbreak of Oropouche virus (OROV), a segmented negative-sense RNA virus, is emerging in Latin America. By analyzing publicly available whole-genome sequences spanning 1955 to...
Synthetic genomics-based generation of the tick-borne encephalitis virus Siberian subtype prototype strain and E51K-attenuated variant for vaccine development and antiviral screening
October 2025
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a re-emerging pathogen in Kazakhstan, where the increasing risk of its spread underscores the need for improved healthcare preparedness, including the development...
African swine fever virus MGF360-9L degrades DDX20 through the Rab1A-dependent autophagy pathway to antagonize its antiviral effect
October 2025
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and highly contagious disease in pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Our previous studies have demonstrated that deletion of the...
Seasonal dynamics of hedgehog-borne ticks and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Beijing's urban parks
October 2025
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging tick-borne pathogen, has caused a rising number of human cases in the urban-rural fringe of Beijing since 2021. This study explores...
Efficacy and safety of switching from lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people living with HIV: A multicenter retrospective study
October 2025
In China, approximately 13% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) are receiving lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimens. These PLWH typically have a history of either treatment...
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus promotes tumor cell death via the anoikis effector Bit1 translocation
October 2025
Anoikis is a specialized form of programmed cell death triggered by the detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Tumor cells that develop resistance to anoikis acquire the ability to...
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October 2025
First isolation and genomic characterization of a novel inter-genotype recombinant feline calicivirus from domestic cats: Implications for viral evolution
August 2025
•Two strains of FCV with distinct genotypes were successfully isolated and identified.•First identification of recombination between GI and GII.•Significant antigenic cross-reactivity with traditional...
Single-cycle Rift Valley fever virus particles from stable replicon cells enable discovery of antiviral CNX-1351 for multiple RNA viruses
August 2025
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a high-containment pathogen that causes severe diseases in humans, with no approved therapeutics available. Its classification as a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) agent...
The coronavirus 3CL protease: Unveiling its complex host interactions and central role in viral pathogenesis
August 2025
The 3CL protease, a highly conserved enzyme in the coronavirus, plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle by facilitating viral replication through precise cleavage of polyproteins. Beyond its proteolytic...
Identification of a novel ectromelia virus from rodent: Implications for use as an in vivo infection model for vaccine and antiviral research
August 2025
Ectromelia virus (ECTV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, serves as both a causative agent of mousepox and a pivotal surrogate model for studying highly pathogenic orthopoxviruses. Although genomic...
Thermal tolerance and inactivation of Ebola virus
August 2025
•The investigation demonstrated a high level of tolerance of EBOV to thermal disinfection.•A water-bath is recommended and the tubes should be fully submerged during the process.•The established inactivation...
Issue Cover
August 2025