Black swans as sentinel species for the emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Shanghai, China, 2024
Available online 19 July 2025
•A novel reassortant H5N1 virus detected in 15 sick black swans in Shanghai, China.•Novel H5N1 virus in black swans suggests wild-domestic bird reassortant from East Asia.•Susceptible black swans could...
SNX10 enhances HCoV-OC43 infection by facilitating viral entry and inhibiting virus-triggered autophagy
Available online 9 July 2025
The ongoing coronavirus epidemic, including the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), continues to pose a significant threat to global public health. Host targets address multiple stages of the viral life...
Coadministration of ribavirin and arenaviral entry inhibitor LHF-535 enhances antiviral benefit against authentic lassa virus
June 2025
•A new strain of Lassa virus (LASV) was successfully isolated and characterized.•The combination of ribavirin and LHF-535 has been demonstrated to exhibit synergistic effects in inhibiting LASV.•The...
A noninfectious pseudovirus system for an emerging orthoflavivirus
June 2025
•A trans-complementation system for Usutu virus (USUV) recapitulates authentic viral replication.•High yield of TMN-ΔNS1 virus was obtained with no recombination into replication competent viruses.•TMN-ΔNS1...
A mouse model of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-induced coagulopathy
June 2025
•A mouse model for CCHFV-induced coagulopathy was developed and characterized using STAT1 knockout mice.•High doses of CCHFV resulted in delayed tail bleeding time, shortened PT and APTT, and prolonged...
Characterization of a SARS-CoV-2 infection model in golden hamsters with diabetes mellitus
June 2025
Being widespread across the globe, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) keeps evolving and generating new variants and continuously poses threat to public health, especially...
Elevated interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 in platelets and megakaryocytes suppresses Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viral infection by interacting with glycoprotein Gc
June 2025
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a hemorrhagic fever caused by infection with the CCHF virus (CCHFV) and has a mortality rate of up to 30 %. Thrombocytopenia is a hallmark of CCHF; however,...
Mutational landscapes of NITD008-resistant EV71 variants revealed through population sequencing
June 2025
•The mutation spectra between WT population and NITD008-resistant populations during replication are compared.•The 2C protein may be a new target of NITD008 as a nucleotide analogue against EV71 infection.•Antiviral...
Host factor RBM25 promotes HBV replication through Yin Yang 1-mediated cccDNA transcription
June 2025
The persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected hepatocytes remains a major obstacle to effective antiviral treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms...
Compromised efferocytosis during aging is related to COVID-19 severity in mice
June 2025
Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In older individuals, a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus...
Human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope protein (ERVWE1) regulates macroautophagy activation and micromitophagy inhibition via NOXA1 in schizophrenia
June 2025
The human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope glycoprotein (ERVWE1), located at chromosome 7q21–22, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Our previous studies have shown elevated...
Eltrombopag, an FDA-approved drug, inhibits dengue virus type 2 by targeting NS2B-NS3 protease
June 2025
Dengue viruses (DENV) have spread throughout the world and pose a huge threat to human life. The most widespread serotype is type 2 DENV (DENV 2), which has no specific treatment. NS2B-NS3 protease...
Severe enterovirus A71 infection is associated with dysfunction of T cell immune response and alleviated by Astragaloside A
June 2025
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the major causative pathogen for severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), a predominantly childhood-associated communicable disease. The mechanisms that children manifest severe...
Decoding the virome reveals diverse novel viruses in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) in Yunnan Province
June 2025
Viruses circulating in small mammals possess the potential to infect humans. Tree shrews are a group of small mammals inhabiting widely in forests and plantations, but studies on viruses in tree shrews...
Clofazimine targeting the spike protein and RdRp exhibits highly efficient antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro
June 2025
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes acute watery diarrhea in neonatal piglets, leading to substantial economic losses within the pig farming industry. This study demonstrates that...
Scutellaria barbata D. Don extracts alleviate SARS-CoV-2 induced acute lung injury by inhibiting virus replication and bi-directional immune modulation
June 2025
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and drug-resistant mutants emphasizes the urgent need to develop novel antiviral agents. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of the Chinese...
Differential susceptibility of immunodeficient mice to MPXV infection and the impact of various inoculation routes
June 2025
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, caused a large-scale global outbreak in 2022. Developing mouse models for MPXV infection is crucial for advancing research on vaccines and...
Insights into cross-species infection: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infections in the rodent
June 2025
The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus, which targets pigs...
The SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibits pyroptosis through the cleavage of gasdermin D
June 2025
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of novel coronavirus disease 2019, can cause acute respiratory symptoms and even death globally. However, the immune...
Viral pseudo-enzyme facilitates KSHV lytic replication via suppressing PFAS-mediated RTA deamidation
June 2025
Deamidation, a type of post-translational modification commonly considered a hallmark of protein “aging” and function decay, is increasingly recognized for its pivotal role in regulating biological...
Development and immunoprotection assessment of novel vaccines for avian infectious bronchitis virus
June 2025
Infectious bronchitis (IB), a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting avian species, poses significant challenges to poultry production. The causative agent, infectious bronchitis virus...
Issue Cover
June 2025