Viral kinetics of the Chikungunya virus ESCA-MAL lineage during the 2025 Guangdong outbreak
August 2026
•ECSA-MAL lineage of CHIKV shows robust replication and rapid clearance.•Peak venous viremia (median 2.3 × 107 copies/mL) occurs on day 1 of symptom onset.•Older age is significantly associated with...
Liver injury during Ebola virus infections: Characteristics and molecular mechanisms
Available online 28 August 2026
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe and often fatal Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans, posing a major threat to global public health. Since EVD was first identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo...
Engineering HSV-1 for Gene Therapy, Oncolytic Immunotherapy, and Neuroscience
Available online 26 August 2026
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has emerged as a versatile platform for gene delivery, oncolytic immunotherapy, and neural circuit mapping. Its large genome, broad tropism, and engineering flexibility...
Viral manipulation of DNA damage response signaling: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Available online 26 August 2026
The DNA damage response (DDR) network maintains genomic integrity, functions as a signaling hub that viruses exploit to drive pathogenesis, and constitutes a central interface between viral infection...
A fatal human case of co-infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and Nairobi sheep disease virus
Available online 24 August 2026
•This study reports the first fatal human co-infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV).•First confirmed natural human infection...
RNA-centered regulation in SFTSV infection: mechanisms, host interactions, and translational implications
Available online 22 August 2026
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes substantial morbidity and high case fatality in severe cases, representing a major public health...
First insight into the virome composition of the vulnerable Naemorhedus griseus
Available online 11 August 2026
The Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) is identified as a vulnerable species on the Red List of China’s Biodiversity and listed as a national second-class key protected wild animal in China. Despite...
Ferritin nanoparticle-based vaccine enhances mucosal immunity by promoting antigen uptake and activation of alveolar macrophages
Available online 10 August 2026
•Ferritin nanoparticle-displayed mosaic tandem-RBD enhances respiratory mucosal immunity.••Intranasal immunization induces broad neutralizing antibodies and tissue-resident immune populations.••Nanoparticles...
ZNF598 enhances FAT10-mediated non-covalent stabilization of Tat to promote HIV-1 transcription and replication
Available online 20 July 2026
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat is essential for efficient viral transcription and replication, and its stability is tightly controlled by host factors. In our previous study, we showed...
Immune profile and mitochondrial alterations driven by age and HIV infection: Associations with T-cell senescence in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy
June 2026
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly extended the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH), rendering population ageing and immunosenescence prominent clinical priorities. T-cell senescence...
Age-related pharyngeal microbiome and host transcriptomic signatures underlying fever responses in RSV bronchiolitis
June 2026
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infancy and exhibits pronounced age-dependent clinical heterogeneity. Fever becomes increasingly prevalent...
Induction of mitochondrial fission and mtDNA leakage via the Smad3/Drp1 axis by PEDV infection activates the TLR9/NF-κB/IL-1β inflammatory pathway
June 2026
Mitochondrial homeostasis is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of many viral infections. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and normal cellular functions relies heavily on the delicate...
Identification and geographic evolutionary analysis of human pegivirus infection based on metatranscriptomic sequencing
June 2026
•First report of HPgV genotype 3 strains in Heilongjiang, China, revealing its genetic diversity in East Asia.•Phylogeographic analysis demonstrated spatial clustering in the distribution of human pegivirus...
A C-type single-domain antibody with protective efficacy against H1N1 via respiratory administration
June 2026
Influenza A viruses, particularly H1N1, pose a significant public health threat, highlighting the continued need for novel prophylactics and therapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies are promising, but conventional...
A comprehensive RNA virome from molluscan transcriptomes reveals extensive diversity and modular genome evolution
June 2026
Mollusca, the second-largest animal phylum, includes many aquaculture species used as important food resources for humans. While DNA viruses that threaten molluscan aquaculture have received much attention,...
Metagenomic and serological evidence of emerging tick-borne viruses in livestock, humans, and rats in Pakistan
June 2026
Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) pose significant emerging threats to public and veterinary health worldwide. In Pakistan, the potential threats posed by TBVs extend far beyond Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever...
The epidemiology and disease burden of enterovirus infections among hospitalized children in China: An 8-year national cross-sectional study
June 2026
Enterovirus (EV) infections represent a significant global and national health concern in children, leading to various complications. Although most children with EV infections generally have a favorable...
Therapeutic efficacy of a K1-specific bacteriophage against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a mouse infection model
June 2026
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen in both humans and animals. Controlling it has become increasingly difficult due to the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this...
RNF26 bridges ER stress and autophagy in the clearance of MERS envelope protein
June 2026
Coronavirus envelope (E) proteins are small, highly conserved viroporins essential for virion assembly and pathogenicity. Despite extensive characterization of their ion channel activity, how host cells...
Degradation of ACSL3 by influenza A virus shifts unfolded protein response from antiviral defense to viral evasion
June 2026
Host restriction factors and viral evasion strategies involved in the virus-host arms races remain to be discovered. Through an initial membrane protein-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified...
A ferritin nanoparticle-displayed spike protein-based ELISA for serological surveillance and immune evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus
June 2026
•A novel iELISA utilizing ferritin-nanoparticle-displayed PDCoV S protein was established.•Excellent diagnostic performance with high sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with NAb titers.•Revealed...
Hepatitis B virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting NSUN2/YBX1-mediated m5C modification of PTEN mRNA
June 2026
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, partly through regulation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Although transcriptional...
Issue Cover
June 2026