Induction of mitochondrial fission and mtDNA leakage via the Smad3/Drp1 axis by PEDV infection activates the TLR9/NF-κB/IL-1β inflammatory pathway
June 2026
Mitochondrial homeostasis is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of many viral infections. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and normal cellular functions relies heavily on the delicate...
Identification and geographic evolutionary analysis of human pegivirus infection based on metatranscriptomic sequencing
June 2026
•First report of HPgV genotype 3 strains in Heilongjiang, China, revealing its genetic diversity in East Asia.•Phylogeographic analysis demonstrated spatial clustering in the distribution of human pegivirus...
A C-type single-domain antibody with protective efficacy against H1N1 via respiratory administration
June 2026
Influenza A viruses, particularly H1N1, pose a significant public health threat, highlighting the continued need for novel prophylactics and therapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies are promising, but conventional...
ASFV pA137R protein triggers inflammatory response by inducing NF-κB signaling pathway and facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome assembly
June 2026
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is characterized by high mortality in infected pigs. ASFV infection triggers severe inflammatory response in the host, which...
EV-A71 induces GSDME-dependent T-cell pyroptosis: A novel mechanism and MeCbl therapeutic potential
June 2026
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the primary pathogen causing severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in young children, with T-cell immune dysfunction closely linked to severe clinical outcomes. However,...
A comprehensive RNA virome from molluscan transcriptomes reveals extensive diversity and modular genome evolution
June 2026
Mollusca, the second-largest animal phylum, includes many aquaculture species used as important food resources for humans. While DNA viruses that threaten molluscan aquaculture have received much attention,...
The guanosine nucleotide analog bemnifosbuvir inhibits hepatitis E virus infection in cell and organoid models
June 2026
•The nucleotide analog bemnifosbuvir (AT-527) inhibits hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in cell and organoid models.•Supplementation with guanosine largely reversed the anti-HEV activity of AT-527.•Combining...
Metagenomic and serological evidence of emerging tick-borne viruses in livestock, humans, and rats in Pakistan
June 2026
Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) pose significant emerging threats to public and veterinary health worldwide. In Pakistan, the potential threats posed by TBVs extend far beyond Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever...
The epidemiology and disease burden of enterovirus infections among hospitalized children in China: An 8-year national cross-sectional study
June 2026
Enterovirus (EV) infections represent a significant global and national health concern in children, leading to various complications. Although most children with EV infections generally have a favorable...
Antiviral activity of Saponin C from Liriope muscari against influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2
June 2026
Saponin C (also known as DT-13) is the dominant ingredient extracted from the tuber of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L. H. Bailey, which exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor,...
Therapeutic efficacy of a K1-specific bacteriophage against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a mouse infection model
June 2026
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen in both humans and animals. Controlling it has become increasingly difficult due to the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this...
RNF26 bridges ER stress and autophagy in the clearance of MERS envelope protein
June 2026
Coronavirus envelope (E) proteins are small, highly conserved viroporins essential for virion assembly and pathogenicity. Despite extensive characterization of their ion channel activity, how host cells...
Degradation of ACSL3 by influenza A virus shifts unfolded protein response from antiviral defense to viral evasion
June 2026
Host restriction factors and viral evasion strategies involved in the virus-host arms races remain to be discovered. Through an initial membrane protein-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified...
A ferritin nanoparticle-displayed spike protein-based ELISA for serological surveillance and immune evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus
June 2026
•A novel iELISA utilizing ferritin-nanoparticle-displayed PDCoV S protein was established.•Excellent diagnostic performance with high sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with NAb titers.•Revealed...
Dominant HA motif 131/132-NT shapes the phenotype of avian H9N2 influenza virus by modulating agglutination property, receptor specificity and infectivity in animals
June 2026
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), which are enzootic in poultry and possess spillover potential to humans, represent a considerable global public health threat. Since 2021, we have observed an unprecedented...
First complete genomic sequencing of recent canine rabies viruses in Sierra Leone suggests cross-border transmission of Africa 2H subclade
June 2026
•First set of three complete genomic sequences of RABV strains was obtained from Sierra Leone.•Phylogenetic analysis identified the endemic Africa 2H subclade with high homology to those from neighboring...
Development of a replicon cell line-based high throughput antiviral assay for screening inhibitors of Mayaro virus
June 2026
•Construction of a MAYV replicon expressing both PAC and Rluc genes.•A stable BHK-21 cell line containing MAYV-Rep with puromycin selection was obtained.•A robust replicon cell-based HTS assay based...
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor BTKi-2 inhibits mpox virus and vaccinia virus infection
June 2026
The recent global outbreak of mpox virus (MPXV) infections underscores the urgent need for antiviral therapies against orthopoxviruses. In this study, using a high-content screening (HCS) platform based...
Hepatitis B virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting NSUN2/YBX1-mediated m5C modification of PTEN mRNA
June 2026
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, partly through regulation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Although transcriptional...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An emerging threat in Europe
June 2026
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), is endemic in Africa, Asia, and Europe. However, CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology have been poorly...
Issue Cover
June 2026
Hijacking the host heparan sulfate-cell-surface ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) scaffold pathway for viral immune evasion
Available online 10 June 2026
•Viral nucleocapsid proteins may co-opt this host scaffold for cell-surface display.•Surface-displayed viral proteins can bind chemokines, suppressing immune cell recruitment....
Viral kinetics of the Chikungunya virus ESCA-MAL lineage during the 2025 Guangdong outbreak
Available online 9 June 2026
•ECSA-MAL lineage of CHIKV shows robust replication and rapid clearance.•Peak venous viremia (median 2.3 × 107 copies/mL) occurs on day 1 of symptom onset.•Older age is significantly associated with...